Biology Ch 2 Vocab Terms

The smallest basic unit of matter.

One particular type of atom and can not be broken down into a simpilar substance by ordinary chemical means.

A substace made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio.

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

A bond that forms threw the electrical force between oppositely charged ions.

A bond that forms when atom share a pare of electrons.

Two or more atoms held together my covalent bonds

An attraction between a slightly hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, offten oxygen or nitrogen.

Attraction among molecules of a substance.

The attract of molecules of different substances. Note: in other words, water molecules stick to other things.

A mixture of substances that is the same threw out. Note: It is a homogeneous mixture.

The substance that is present in the greater amount and that disolves another substance.

A substance that disolves in solvent.

A compound that releases a proton-a hydrogen ion (H⁺) -When it disolves in water. Note: An acid increases the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution.

Are compounds that remove H⁺ ions from a solution.

Measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution.

Each subunit in the complete molecule.

A large molecular, are macromolecule, made of many monomers binded together.

Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.

Nonpoler molecules that include fats oils and cholesterol.

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Note: there are two types: saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids.

Contain fatty acids in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.

Have fatty acids with at leased one carbon-carbon double bond.

A polymer made of monomers called amino acids.

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides.

Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds.

The substances changed during a chemmical reaction.

Substances mad by a chemical reaction.

Amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms.

Reached when both the reactents and product are made at the same rate.

Amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start.

Chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbes.

Chemical reaction absorbs more energy than it releases.

Substance that decrease the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction, as a result,als increases the rate of chemical reaction

Are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things.

Specific ractents that an enzym reactions on.