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Entamoeba histolytica - Where?
- Found everywhere
- Common in tropics
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Entamoeba histolytica - How do you get it?
Infection by ingestion of infective cyst
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Entamoeba histolytica - life cycle?
- Ingested cyst
- Trophozoite in large intestine (may spread)
- Feed on RBCs
- Passed as infective cysts in feces
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Entamoeba histolytica - Presentation?
- Intestinal amebiasis (nonspecific)
- Diarrhea, abdominal pain
- Frequent hepatic infection (hepatomegaly, fever)
- Pulmonary amebiasis
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Entamoeba histolytica - Diagnosis?
- Stool antigen detection
- serology
- Biopsy of ulcers
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Entamoeba histolytica - Treatment?
- Metronidazole for invasive infection
- Paromomycin for intestinal infection
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PAM
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis
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Naegleria Fowleri - Where?
Warm fresh or brackish water
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Naegleria Fowleri - How diagnose?
ID of naegleria in CSF
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Naegleria Fowleri -What does it cause?
- PAM (primary amebic meningoencephalitis)
- Headache
- Fever
- Nausea/vomiting
- Coma, death within 6 days
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Naegleria Fowleri - Treatment?
- No satisfactory treatment
- Amphotericin B
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Acanthamoeba - How do you get it?
- Infection of lungs or skin
- (Keratitis via cornea)
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Acanthamoeba - What does it cause?
- Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
- Often infection of the cornea
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Acanthamoeba - Diagnosis?
-
Acanthamoeba - Treatment?
Amphotericin B
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Balamuthia madrillaris
Another cause of granulomatous amebic encephalitis
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Acanthamoeba keratitis
Infection of the cornea from acanthamoeba
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Giardia lamblia - Where?
- Worldwide
- Most common parasite in US
-
Giardia Lamblia - How do you get it?
Ingestion of infective cyst
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Giardia Lamblia - What does it cause?
- Diarrhea
- Flatulence
- Abdominal pain
- Fatty stools
- Malabsorption
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Giardia Lamblia - Diagnosis?
- Stool O&P - may need to collect at intervals days apart
- Fecal antigen
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Giardia Lamblia - Treatment?
- Metronidazole or tinidazole
- Albendazole or Mebendazole
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Toxoplasmosis
- Feline parasite - may be seen in immunocompromised individuals
- Ring-enhancing lesions on brain
- Afebrile, weakness, poor balance, agitated
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Pneumocystic carinii
- Fungus
- Interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in immmunocompromised
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Cytosporidium Parvum
- Sporozoa
- Worldwide
- Severe diarrhea in immunocompromised
- Treat with nitazoxanide
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Isospora belli
- Sporozoa
- Diarrhea in travelers or immunocompromised
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Cyclospora cayetanensis
- Sporozoa causing acute diarrhea
- Treat with bactrim
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Trichomonas Vaginalis
- Protozoal STI
- Causes vaginal pruritis, purulent discharge
- Treat with metronidazole
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