OT Ch 5 structure/functions

a small fluid filled sac in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints that provides a cushioning effect during movement

the small bones of the wrist

the small, narrow bones of the hand

a joint where the material between bones consists of cartilage that allows some movement between bones

part of the skull, the bones that surround the brain

movement away from the body midline

movement toward the body midline

turning the distal end of a bone in a circle

a tough, fibrous connective tissue

the bone of the upper leg or thigh

a joint where the material between bones consists of fibrous connective tissue that allows very little or no movement between them

the smaller of the two ones of the lower leg

bending the foot or toes upward

decreasing the angle between bones (bending a bone)

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes downward toward the ground

the upper, wing-shaped bone of the pelvic girdle

the inferior bone of the pelvic girdle

a crescent shaped cartilage that helps to stabalize joint movements

a flattened tendon. It functions as a fascia that joins muscles together or joins muscle to bone

a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the marrow cavity

a bone cell that is mobile and secretes bone matrix

a bone cell that dissolves bone matrix

a bone cell that is stationary, locked within bone matrix

a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that forms the outermost layer of a bone

part of the skull, two bones at the top of the head

the bone that forms the kneecap

the small, narrow bones of the fingers. Singular form is phalanx

the small, narrow bones of the toes

the long, narrow shaft portion of long bones

the end of a long bone

the anterior part of the pelvic girdle

a cartilaginous joint that is the point of fusion for two pubis bones

the bone of the forearm (lower arm) that s in line with the thumb

four vertebrae that fuse n early childhood into a single bone that forms the dorsal wall of the pelvis

a division of the skeleton that includes the bones of the appendages and pectoral and pelvic girdles

a division of the skeleton that includes the bones that are located along or near the central vertical axis of the body. It includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and the bones of the thoracic cage

the muscle tissue that forms the muscles attached to bones

the breastplate

a joint that contains synovial fluid within a sac of connective tissue, alowing for the most movement between bones in comparison to fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints

the fluid produced by the synovial membrane, which provides lubrication and a shock-absorbing cushion in synovial joints

• the bones of the foot
• also called matatarsal bones

the bones of the ankle

a band of fibrous tissue tat connects muscle to bone

increasing the angle between bones (straigtening a joint, stretching out a tendon)

turning a body part outward

turning a body part inward

the first seven bones of the vertebral column, cumbered C1 to C7 from superior to inferior

fibrocartilaginous disc located between vertebrae

five vertebrae of the lower spine, numbered L1 to L5

12 vertebrae of the thorax, numbered T1 to T12. Each one articulates with a pair or ribs

the spinal column. 33-34 vertebrae in a linear formation

pain in a joint

an inability to coordinate muscles while executing a voluntary movement

lacking development or wasting

abnormally slow movement

difficulty in movement

deformities that arise during development

excessive deelopment

muscle tenderness or pain

a state of rigidity of muscle during whihc the muscle is unable to contract

an abnormal, sudden involuntary muscle cntraction (tonic spasm), or series of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations (clonic spasm). One who is affected by spasm is spastic

pain in a tendon

involuntary shaking of the limbs

abnormal, slow growth of long bones, results in unusually short, stocky limbs

abnormal condition of joint stiffness

inflammation and degeneration of a joint. The two primary types, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, are described later in this section

inflammation of cartilages within joints

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe

imflammation of the bursa

a calcium deposit (or stone) within the bursa

• repetitive stress injury in which the median nerve of the wrist generates pain impulses due to imflammation of the synovial sheath
• CTS

• drooping of the wrist
• called Wrist Drop

deterioration or softening of the cartilage

prolonged, involunttary muscular contractions

a fissue of the skull present at at birth

inflammation of an intervertebral disk

• a congenital condition that results in progressive muscular weakness and deterioration
• DMD

inflammation of the cartilages of the elbow

a berak in a bone

• abnormal deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints. Causes localized paing.
• Called Gouty Arthritis

inflammation of the cartilages of the elbow

a rupture of an intevertebral disk. Results in the protrusion of tissue against spinal nerves or the spinal cord, which generates pain

a deformity of the spine characterized by the presence of a hump. Called hunchback

inflammation of the lateral tendon of the elbow. Called tennis elbow

a deformity of the spine characterized by an anterior curve of the lumbar area

inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms and legs

inflammmation of the maxilla

inflammation of the meniscus

weakness in the muscle

a tumor composed of bone marrow cells

a spasm or twitching of a muscle or muscle group

protrusion of a muscle through its fascia

inflammation of muscle tissue

inflammation of a bone

• viral infection of bone that causes deformities of a skeleton and results and the acceleration of bone loss.
• Paget's Disease

a form of arthritis characterized by an age related deterioration of joints that is accompanied by erosion of cartilage and painful inflammation. OA

inflammation of bone and associated cartilage

a benign tumor of bone, in which the tumor contains fibrous connective tissue that surrounds bone

an inherited condition that results in impaired growth and fragile bones. Leads to progressive skeletal deformation and frequent fractures

an inherited condition that results in impaired growth and fragile bones. Leads to grogressive skeletal deformation and frequent fractures

a painful bone infection caused by bacteria. Characterized by inflammation of the red bone marrow

death of bone tissue

excessive formation of sense bone, which crowds out marrow cavities and leads to cutting off the blood supply to bone. Marble Bone

abnormal loss of bone density

primary cancer of bone

viral infection of bone that deforms the skeleton due to the acceleration of bone oss. osteitis deformans

aralysis (loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement) of both legs and the lower part of the body

partial motor paralysis

inflammation of many muscles simultaneously

paralysis of all four appendages

a form of arthritis characterized by progressive, gradal joint deterioration that is caused by an autoimmune response. RA

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

trauma to the spinal cord, which often results in paralysis. SCI

inflammation fo the intervertebral joints

an injury that results from stretching a ligament beyond its normal range, tearing its collagen fibers

carncer of a synovial membrane in a joint

an injury that results from stretcing a muscle beyond its normal range, tearing muscle tissue

inflammation of a tendon, such as in rotator cuff tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon and the synovial membrane that surrounds it

a break in the distal part of the radius

a break that results in fragmentation of the bone

a crushed break, often due to weight or pressure applied to a bone during a fall

a break that caused an abnormal alignment of bone pieces

a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone

a slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in a xray

a break in which the broken bones retain their alignment

a break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg

a spiral shaped break, often caused by twisting stressed along a long bone

surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate

breaking of an abnormally stiff joint during surgery to increase range of motion. ROM

surgical fixation (stabilization of a joint)

xray film of a joint after injection of air, contrast media, or both

a physician who specializes in treatment of joint disease

surgical repair of a joint, which may involve total joint replacement

endoscopic visual examnation of a joint cavity using a fiber-optic instrument called the arthroscope

surgical inscision into a joint

surgical excision of a bursa

surgical inscision into a bursa

a field of therapy that mainly involves manipulation of the vertebral column

a specialist in chiropractic

surgical excision of a joint cartilage

surgical repair of a joint cartilage

surgical excision of a rib

surgical repair of a defect in the cranium

surgical excision of an intervertebral disk

a diagnostic procedure that records the strength of muscle contraction. EMG

surgical incision into fascia

surgical excision of part of a vertebra known as the lamina, often as part of a treatment for a herniated disk

surgical removal of a meniscus

surgical repair of muscle tissue

closing a sucles with sutures

the medical field that manages musculoskeletal diseases. Ortho

construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances, such as lifts, prosthetic devices, ect. to assist in patient movement

a technician who specialezes in orthotics

surgical excision of bone

surgical breaking of a bone to correct a defect

a technician who specializes in the treatment of bone disease

the field of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of bone disease

a physician trained in osteopathy. DO. osteopathic surgeon

a medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health, with an emphasis on preventative medicine

surgical repair of bone

a physician trained in podiatry

medical field that specializes in treating the foot

an artificial substitute for a missing body part

surgical incision into the vertebral column

surgical connection of adjective vertebrae, usually as a treatment for a herniated disk. spondylosyndesis

surgically connecting adjacent vertebrae. spinal fusion

surgical excision of a joints synovial membrane

surgical repair of a muscle and its tendon

closing a tendon with sutures

incision into a tendon