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Medications/Drugs
Agents used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease
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Six Rights of Drug Administration
- Person
- Drug
- Dose
- Route
- Time
- Documentation
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Standard Precautions
Measures used to decrease your risk of exposure to blood and other bodily fluids
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Asepsis (Medical Asepsis)
A condition free of all pathogens
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Local
Limited to one area of the body
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Systemic
Throughout the body
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Sterile
Free of all lifeforms. Highest level of Asepsis
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Medically Clean
Careful handling of equipment and self to prevent contamination
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Disinfectant
Cleaning agent that is toxic to living tissue
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Antiseptic
Cleaning agent that is not toxic to living tissue
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Needle handling precautions
- -Minimize use in moving ambulance
- -Properly dispose of all sharps
- -Recap needles only as last resort
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Sharps Container
Rigid, puncture-resistant container clearly marked as biohazard
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Medication Documentation Information
- -Indication for use
- -Dosage and Route
- -Patient response (positive or negative)
-Document vitals and condition before and after medication administration
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Topical Medications
Material applied to and absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes
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Routes of Drug Administration
- Percutaneous (Skin or mucous membranes)
- Pulmonary (Inhaled)
- Enteral (Through the GI tract)
- Parenteral (Other routes, IV, IO, etc)
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Percutaneous Routes
- Transdermal
- Mucous Membrane
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Transdermal
Absorbed through the skin
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Mucous Membrane Sites
- Tongue (Sublingual)
- Cheek (Buccal)
- Eye (Aural)
- Nose (Nasal)
- Ear (Ocular)
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Sublingual
Beneath the tongue
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Buccal
Between cheek and gums
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Ocular Medication
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the eye
- o.d. = right eye (oculus dexter)
- o.s. = left eye (oculus sinister)
- o.u. = both eyes (oculus uterque)
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Nasal Medication
Drug administered through the mucous memrbrane of the nose
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Medication Atomization Device (MAD)
Device that produces a fine aerosol mist that permits wide and even distribution of a medication across the nasal mucosa
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Aural Medication
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the ear and ear canal
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Inhalation
Drawing of medication into the lungs along with air during breathing
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Injection
Placement of medication in or under the skin with a needle and syringe
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Pulmonary Medication Mechanisms
- Nebulizer
- Metered dose inhaler
- Endotracheal tube
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Nebulizer
- Inhalation aid that disperses liquid into aerosol spray or mist
- -Mouthpiece
- -Medication reservoir
- -Oxygen port
- -Relief valve
- -Oxygen tubing
- -Oxygen source
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Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)
Handheld device that produces a medication spray for inhalation
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Endotracheal Tube Route Medications
- Oxygen
- Naloxone
- Atropine
- Vasopressin
- Lidocaine
- Epinepherine
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Enteral
Through the GI Tract
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Oral Forms
- Capsules
- Tablets
- Pills
- Enteric/coated capsules
- Elixirs
- Emulsions
- Lozenges
- Suspensions
- Syrups
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Hepatic Alteration
Change in a medications chemical composition that occurs in the liver
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Suppository
Medication packaged in a soft pliable form for insertion into the rectum
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Enema
A liquid bolus of medication that is injected into the rectum
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Bolus
Concentrated mass of medication
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Parenteral
Outside of the GI tract
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Syringe
- Plastic tube with which liquid medications can be drawn up, stored and injected
- Has a barrel, plunger and needle adapter
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Hypodermic Needle
- Hollow metal tube used with the syringe to administer medications
- Has a hilt, shaft and bevel
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Gauge
The size of a needle's diamaeter. Typically 18-27 ga
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Types of parenteral drug containers
- Glass ampules
- Single and multidose vials
- Nonconstituted drug vials
- Prefilled syringes
- Intravenous medication fluids
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Information on labels
- Name of medication (generic and trade)
- Expiration date
- Total dose and concentration
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Ampule
Breakable glass vessel containing liquid medication
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Vial
Plastic or glass container with a self-sealing rubber top
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Nonconstituted Drug Vial
Vial with two containers, one holding a powdered medication and the other holding a liquid mixing solution
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Prefilled/Preloaded Syringes
Syringe packaged in a tamper-proof container with the medication already in the barrel
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Medicated Solution
Parenteral medication packaged in an IV bag and adminstered as an IV infusion
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Infusion
Liquid medication delivered through a vein
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Parenteral Routes
- Intradermal injection
- Subcutaneous injection
- Intramuscular injection
- Intravenous access
- Intraosseous infusion
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Intradermal
- Within the dermal layer of the skin
- (10-15 degrees with bevel up)
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Subcutaneous
- The layer of loose connective tissue between the skin and muscle
- (45 degrees)
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Intramuscular
- Within the muscle
- (90 degrees)
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Intramuscular Sites
- Deltoid
- Dorsal Gluteal
- Vastus lateralis
- Rectus femoris
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