What are the four phyla under Kingdom Protista that we learned?
Sarcodina, Mastigophora, Ciliata, and Sporozoa
What is the mode of motility for members of the phylum Sarcodina?
They move using pseudopods (they are the pseudopodia, aka: amoebas)
What is the mode of motility for members of the phylum Mastigophora?
They move using flagella (they are the flagellates)
What is the mode of motility for members of the phylum Ciliata?
They move using cilia (they are the ciliates)
What is the mode of motility for members of the phylum Sporozoa?
They have no motility when mature because they are obligate intracellular parasites
Define obligate intracellular parasite
A parasitic organism that requires the resources of the host cell in order to reproduce (cannot reproduce outside of the host cell)
Protozoans can reproduce sexually or asexually. (T/F)
True
Protozoans can all reproduce asexually by binary fission or schizogony. Ciliates can also reproduce sexually through conjugation and Sporozoans can reproduce sexually by producing gametes.
Define binary fission
When a perent cell duplicates its DNA and then divides into two daughter cells
Define schizogony
Similar to binary fission, but the result is multiple daughter cells instead of just two.
Define conjugation
When two cells exchange DNA using micronuclei, thereby genetically altering each other
What does Amoeba proteus cause and how is it acquired?
Amoeba proteus is non-parasitic
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum for Amoeba proteus.
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Sarcodina
How does Amoeba proteus get around?
Pseudopods (it is a Sarcodinian)
What does Entamoeba histolytica cause and how is it acquired?
Causes: Amoebic dysentery (aka: Traveller's diarrhea or Montezuma's Revenge)
Acquired by: ingestion of the cyst stage by drinking water contaminated by feces
Define dysentery
Profuse, watery diarrhea containing both blood and mucus.
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum for Entamoeba histolytica
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Sarcodina
Which stage in the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica is infectious?
The cyst stage
How does Entamoeba histolytica get around?
Pseudopods (it is a Sacrodinian)
What does Giardia lamblia cause and how is it acquired?
Causes: Giardiasis
Acquired by: Ingestion of the cyst stage by drinking water contaminated by feces
What is the most common intestinal parasitic infection in the U.S.?
Giardiasis
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum for Giardia lamblia
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Mastigophora
How does Giardia lamblia get around?
Flagella (it is a Mastigophorian)
What stage in the life cycle of Giardia lamblia is infectious?
The cyst
Giardia lamblia is the only member of the phylum Mastigophora that is a human parasite. (T/F)
False
There are quite a few flagellate human parasites
What does Trichomonas vaginalis cause and how is it acquired?
Causes: Trichomoniasis (STD)
Acquired by: Direct transfer of the trophozoites (no cyst stage here) by having sexual contact with an infected person
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum of Trichomonas vaginalis
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Mastigophora
How does Trichomonas vaginalis get around?
Flagella (it is a Mastigophorian)
What do Trypanosoma brucei var. gambiense/rhodesiense cause and how are they acquired?
Acquired by: being bitten by an infected Tsetse fly
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum of Trypanosoma brucei var. gambiense/rhodesiense
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Mastigophora
How do Trypanosoma brucei var. gambiense/rhodesiense get around?
Flagella (they are Mastigophorians)
What does Trypanosoma cruzi cause and how is it acquired?
Causes: American sleeping sickness (aka: Chagas' disease or American Trypanosomiasis)
Acquired by: being bitten (and then pooed on) by a Kissing bug (Reduviid bug)
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum of Trypanosoma cruzi
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Mastigophora
How does Trypanosoma cruzi get around?
Flagella (it is a Mastigophorian)
What does Euglena cause and how is it acquired?
Euglena is non-parasitic
What is so special about Euglena?
It is an autotroph (able to make it's own food via photosynthesis)
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum of Euglena
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Mastigophora
How does Euglena get around?
Flagella (it is a Mastgophorian)
What does Balantidium coli cause and how is it acquired?
Causes: Balantidium dysentery
Acquired by: ingestion of the cyst stage (it was never explained how this might happen but since this organism has "coli" in the name [colon] I am assuming you ingest it by drinking water contaminated by feces)
Give the domian, kingdom, and phylum for Balantidium coli
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Ciliata
How does Balantidium coli get around?
Cilia (it is a Ciliate)
Balantidium coli is the only member of the phylum Ciliata that is a human parasite. (T/F)
True (and then only occasionaly)
What does Paramecium caudatum cause and how is it acquired?
Paramecium caudatum is non-parasitic
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum of Paramecium caudatum
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Ciliata
How does Paramecium caudatum get around?
Cilia (it is a Ciliate)
What do members of the genus Plasmodium cause and how are they acquired?
Causes: Malaria
Acquired by: being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito, which injects sporozoites into your blood
What stage of the life cycle of members of the genus Plasmodium is infectious?
The sporozoite stage
How many species of the genus Plasmodium cause the known disease?
4
We do not need to know this, but they are: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum.
The "ring stage" of Plasmodium observed in the microscopes in lab is the sporozoite living in white blood cells. (T/F)
False
The ring stage is the trophozoite living in red blood cells. The sporozoites are the infectious stage, not the vegetative stage.
What does Toxoplasma gondii cause and how is it acquired?
Causes: Toxoplasmosis
Acquired by: direct ingestion of the oocyst stage shed in the feces of cats (can also be acquired by eating contaminated [and undercooked] beef, pork, and lamb)
Give the domain, kingdom, and phylum of Toxoplasma gondii
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Sporozoa
How does Toxoplasma gondii get around?
It doesn't (it is a Sporozoan)
In the protozoan lab, all the specimens we saw were of the trophozoite stage. (T/F)
False
This statement is almost true. Trypanosoma was the only excption to that statement (we looked at the tryptomastigote stage)
Author
SeanOHair
ID
103898
Card Set
Protozoans
Description
Study cards based on the information in the protozoan lab