psych

a process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of a past experience

• Classical conditioning - associating stimuli
• Operant conditioning - associating behaviors and consequences
• Observational learning - imitating the actions of others

• Pavlo discovered c.c by observing a dog start to salivate before food was put on it's togue.
• He rang the bell, gave the dog food until just the sound of the bell produced the dog to salivate

natural stimulus that reflexively produces a response without prior learning (food)

Unlearned, reflexive response (saliva)

Bell ringing

originally neutral but comes to elicit a reflexive response (bell)

learned reflexive response to a previously neutral stimulus (salivating at the bell)

• 1. More frequently the c.s and the u.s were paired, the stronger the association
• 2. Timing - if c.s was presented immediatly before the u.s, the stronger the association 1/2 second = optimum

When stimuli that are similar to the original c.s also elicit the c.r (sound of low-pitched tone)

If the c.s (bell) was presented without the u.s (food) the c.r (salivating at the bell) gradually declined

reappearance of a previously extinguisted c.r over a period of time with out exposure to the c.s

• watson viewed/emphasized the study of behavior rather than the study of subjective mental processes
• - thought that all human behavior was due to conditioning and learning- nothing was inherited

• watson and rosalie rayner classically conditioned lil albert to fear rats by presenting him with a rat then immediatly banging a loud noise behind him. After just 7 pairings, the rat alone caused him fear.
• - unethical due to them not "extinguishing" his fear of rats also involved other furry animals and certain textures. Modified him throughout his life

• Neutral stimulus - rat
• Unconditioned stimulus - loud noise
• unconditioned response - provoked fear

• if specific enviromental cues are repeatedly paired with a drugs administration, they can become conditioned stimulii
• - smell of coffee can cause alertness

• Taste aversions - classically conditioned dislike for and avoidance of a particular food that develops when an organism become ill after eating it.
• - experimented with givingt rats flavored h2o then injecting them with a drug that made them sick hours later
• - against c.c because of the time (response may occur hours after stimulus) and the amount of pairing (usually only 1 time)

learning principle by edward thorndike that responses followed by a satisfying affect become strengthened and are more likely to recur in a particular situation, responses followed by a dissatisfying affect are weakened and less likely to occur