Section II

Medications used to stop or slow the growth of specific microbes

Medications used to stop or slow the growth of bateria in the body

Used to assess the magnitude of injury to immune system. Used to determine when to initiate therapy and monitor the effectiveness of HIV and AIDS treatment

disease constantly present in a population

greater than normal number of cases of a disease in an area within a particular period

contamination of any body tissue and organ by an invading organism or foreign substance, such as a microorganism

Achieved by infection or vaccination

When immunity is transferred from an immune donor (mother to newborn)

The largest of the microorganisms

Flesh-eating disease or flesh-eating bacteria due to group A streptococcus

Infection of the fluid around the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. Often affects children and young adults

Caused by a spirochete the 1st symptom is a rash, followed by flu like symptom. Will kill you

Symptoms are red, tender spots under the skin of the fingers know as Osler's nodes. Also include fever, weakness and heart murmur caused by mouth bacteria that make a home on the cardiac valves

a fever that happens to people 4 to 18 followed by streptococcal, or after untreated strep throat

Caused by pathogens S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and mycoplasma

refers to pneumonia acquired in common places like school, work, or the gym

pneumonia acquired in medical facilities

A type of pneumonia that occurs when foreign matter is inhaled into the lungs

A pneumonia acquired in a any social environment

Symptoms include skaing, chills, high fever, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a cough that produces thick, greenish or yellowish phlegm.

A dry, non- productive cough may indicate a viral infection instead of bacteria

Microbes that can grow in the water of air-conditioning cooling towers and have been found to inhabit the water lines of many hospitals causes what?

C. difficileproduces toxins that cause diarrhea. C. difficile grows due to lack of competition. If diarrhea begins a few days after starting certain antibiotics, immediately contact the physician

Known as the "silent" disease. Can lead to infertility, symptoms might occur 1 to 3 weeks after exposure

Primary stage is a signle chancre sore that is firm, round, small and painless. Secondary is a rash and lesions, then can lay dormant for years.

Incubation period averages 3 weeks or 2 weeks to several months

The causative agent is Treponema Pallidum

Chills, fever, HA, fatigue, sinus pain, gastrointestinal upset, and general muscular aches.

Measles appear as a macular rash, beginning on the face and spreading to the trunk and extremities. Highly contagious that progesses to pneumonia secondary bacterial infections, or encephalitis

An acute infection of the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and nerves. Best known as a cause of paralysis however paralysis only affects less than 1% of infected.

Relatively mild childhood disease. Chickenpox. Characterized by "itchy" vesicular lesions that become encrusted on the skin of the face, thorax, and back.

Caused by a human papilloma virus, sexually transmitted

Vesicular lesions, "cold sores" or "fever blister" usually appear on the oral mucous membrane

Caused by vesicular lesions, usually in the genital area, that are preceded by a prodromal burning sensation

Symptoms are typicall malaise, HA, and low grade fever. Preced the development of the more specific signs of tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis, cervical lymph node enlargement and tenderness, and moderate to high fever

May lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

An acute infectious disease that usually results in fatal encephalitis if left untreated

These are responsible for a variety of infections worldwide. Those endemic to the U.S. are malariea, amebic dysentery, giardiases, and trichomoniases.

_____________ ___________ infections in immune-compromised patients are pneumocystis and toxoplasmosis

Symptoms are fever, confusion, and coma

Caused by an mosquito that bites an infected human becoming a vector. The mosquito then bites an uninfected human and infects them with this disease

Often co-infection with gonorrhea, resulting in a discharge that is frothy, greenish-yellow and characterized by a foul odor

a protoza parasite that causes trichomoniases

These infest the lower intestinal region and colon and are often seen exiting the anus

These infest the upper intestinal region, usually causing abdominal symptoms, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

PinwormsRoundwormshookwormswhipworms

Lice live off the blood of the host

Infections that are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds

Three groups of fungal diseases

ringworm of the face

ringworm of the scalp

Body ringworm

Ringworm of the groin

Ringworm of the foot

Nail ringowrm, also known as onychomycosis

LInked to a range of health conditions and symptoms vary. Symptoms can include runny nose, itchy eyes, HA and dizziness

Can be spread throughout the body and involve any organ, but predominantly affects the central nervous system

Found worldwide in soil and on dired pigeon droppings

An antibiotic that is effective against a large number and type of the most common bacteria and some other types of microorganisms

An antibiotic that has a limited activity against a few specific microorganisms

Drug of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea and Neisseria meningitis

Polymicrobial bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients

Used for persons allergic to penicillinSHOULD NOT BE USED IN CHILDREN AGE 18 & UNDER DUE TO THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE TOOTH DISCOLORATION

Take on an empty stomach with no milk, antacides or iron preparations within 1 hour of this medication, avoid the sun

This drug is most often used to treat acne

The agent prescribed for malaria prophylaxis, anthrax, tularemia, and the plague, rocky mountain spotted fever and inflammatory acne

treats bacterial infections including chronic bronchitis, acture sinusitis, community-acquired pneumonia

Side effects of this topical or injectable drug are ototoxicity, nephrotxoicity

Used for bowel sterilization or wound irrigation

Antibiotic for primarily gm bacterial infections; anthrax

Topical for gm+ organisms including MRSA that treats Mercer,

A drug that requires that you immediately notify the physician if diarrhea occurs

Drug of choice for methicillin-resistant staph aureaus (MRSA)If drug is administered to quickly patient will go into red-man syndrome

Must avoid tyramine containing foodsMay cause thrombocytopenia, pseudomembranous colitis

Antimicrobial used in urinary tract infactions, otitis media prophylaxis in children

Must take with plenty of water, take until gone, avoid sunlight, refrigerate and shake well before using

An antimicrobial used in Urinary Tract Infections

May cause discoloration of urine (orange) or feces, take with food or milk

Drugs used for Antileprosy

Follow the STEP program

Thalidomide

Dapson

Rifampin

Virus that is more likely to mutate

Virus less likely to mutate

The best prevention against influenza A & B

Prevents and treats influenza

Amantadine

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

Acyclovir

Treatments for Herpes-2

1% solution for treatment of HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus keratitis or keratoconjunctivitis

Chronic hepatitis B and C are treated with an antiviral agent ____________________ and/or an immunmodulator______________

Viruses transmitted by arthropods, rodent, or humans. Major symptoms are fever, malaise, HA, and hemorrhagic signs

Chemicals that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue

Chemicals which destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects

Sudsing base is used as a cleanser for surgical hand antisepsis, preoperative skin preparation, routine hand hygiene in halth-care personnel, and skin wound and general skin cleansing

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

The main mode of transimission is from the infected female anopheles mosquito Symptoms then progress to chills, fever, sweating, prostration, mild jaundice, swollen liver and spleen and anemia

This drug has been implicated in cases of psychiatric illness, increased seizure activity and cardia conduction abnormalities

Mefloquine

Used for post exposure to malaria, prophylaxis/treatment of other biological threats

Inactive form of E. Histolytica

Active Form of E. Histolytica

Symptoms include frequent watery stools containing blood or mucous, dehydration, fever, abdominal pain and cramping, and an enlarged and tender liver

Phenazopyridine

Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

Sulfisoxazole & Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate

Sulfisoxazole

Linezolid

Vancomycin

Clindamycin

Mupirocin

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Neomycin

Gentamicin

Telithromycin

Azithromycin

Erythromycin Base

Doxycycline

Minocycline

Tetracycline

Cefepime

Ceftriaxone Sodium

Cefotetan

Cefazolin

Ampicillin/Sulbactam

Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate

Amebiasis infection of the intestines caused by parasites
Side Effects include metallic taste and disulfiram

The active form of E. Histolytica

Terbinafine

Zidovudine

The drug class that is bacteriostatic
take on an empty stomach w/plenty of water.
Take all and avoid sun

Mupirocin - Bactroban
Cacitracin - Baciguent

Levofloxacin - Levaquin
Ciprofloxacin - Cipro

Synthetic, broad spectrum antibacterial agents related to nalidixic acid & cinoxacin

Neomycin -Mycifradin
Gentamicin - Garamycin

Bactericidal and broad spectum, principle use is treatment of gram negative infections
Side effects are Nephrotoxidity and Oxotoxicity

Bacteriostatic and narrow spectrum but also cover atypical organisms (mycoplasm & legionella in respiratory tract infections and chlamydia)

Erythromycin Base - E-Mycin, Ery-tab
Azithromycin - Zirthromax
Clarithromycin - Biaxin

The steril Aminoglycoside, injectable or topical

Oral Aminoglycoside

Penicillinase-resistant PCN's