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What qualifies as a 'yeast?'
Unicellular, non-filamentous fungus that is either round or oval in shape
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Yeasts reproduce asexually by...?
Budding
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Yeasts produce sexually by...?
They don't.
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Define pseudohypha
When a daughter cell does not completely seperate from the parent cell in the budding process and forms a chain of connected yeast cells.
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How are yeasts classified?
Based upon their biochemical activity
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What qualifies as a 'mold?'
Multicellular, filamentous fungus
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Molds produce asexually by...?
Asexual spores and also by breaking off pieces of hyphae
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Molds reproduce sexually by...?
Sexual spores
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Molds are classified according to what?
Type of sexual spore, colony appearance, hypha type, and biochemical activity
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Define dimorphic
Having two forms (in the case of fungi it refers to a fungus that can grow as either a yeast or a mold)
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What is the primary determinant of the form of a dimorphic fungus at any given time?
Temperature
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At 25oC, a dimorphic fungi will present as?
A mold
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At 37oC, a dimorphic fungus will present as?
A yeast
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In an aerobic environment, yeast produce what metabolic products?
CO2 and H2O
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In an anaerobic environment, yeast produce what metabolic products?
Ethanol(C2H5OH) and CO2 (this is how beer is made)
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Define hypha
Filament composed of chains of mold cells
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Can hyphae be composed of yeast cells?
No, in yeast they are called pseudohyphae because they are accidental, not true hyphae.
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Define septate hyphae
Hyphae where two cells are seperated by a wall between them
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Define coenocytic hyphae
Hyphae where the individual cells are not seperated by walls between them
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What is the difference between aseptate hyphae and coenocytic hyphae?
There is no difference, they are the same thing.
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What is the common name for members of the phylum Ascomycota?
Sac fungi
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Penicillium notatum belongs to which phylum?
Ascomycota
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Aspergillus niger belongs to which phylum?
Ascomycota
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Candida albicans belongs to which phylum?
Ascomycota
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Claviceps pupurea belongs to which phylum?
Ascomycota
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Claviceps purpurea produces a substance similar to LSD. What is it?
Ergot
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All members of phylum Ascomycota produce what kind of sexual spore?
Ascospore (multiples of which are found in little sacs that give them their common name)
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What structure are ascospores found in?
A sac-like ascus (which gives the phylum its common name)
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What asexual spores are found in the phylum Ascomycota?
Conidiospores and blastospores mostly.
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What are conidiospores?
Asexual spores that grow at the end of a stalk (conidiophore) and are not enclosed by a sac.
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What are blastospores?
They are a type of conidiospore that grows in a bud off of the parent cell (yeast conidiospores)
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What are sporangiospores?
Asexual spores that grow in a sac (sporangium) on the end of a specialized aerial hypha (sporangiophore)
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What is the common name for members of the phylum Zygomycota
The Zygomycetes
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Rhizopus stolonifer (black-colored bread mold) belongs to which phylum?
Zygomycota
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Mucor sp. belong to which phylum?
Zygomycota
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All members of phylum Zygomycota produce what kind of sexual spore?
Zygospore (a large spore enclosed in a thick wall or casing)
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What asexual spores are found in the phylum Zygomycota?
Sporangiospores mostly
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What is the common name for members of the phylum Basidiomycota?
Club fungi or fleshy fungi (these are the fungi you can easily spot from a distance, like mushrooms)
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Coprinus sp. belong to which phylum?
Basidiomycota
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Agaricus sp. belong to which phylum?
Basidiomycota
Interesting tidbit: Agaricus sp. are the mushrooms you can eat.
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All members of the phylum Basidiomycota produce what kind of sexual spore?
Basidiospore (these form on the tips of little projections called basidia that line the gills under the cap of the mushroom)
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What asexual spores are found in the phylum Basidiomycota?
Conidiospores usually
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What is the common name for the members of the phylum Deuteromycota?
Fungi imperfecti
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What makes members of the phylum Deuteromycota unique from other fungi?
They produce no known sexual spore (or it hasn't been identified yet)
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Epidermophyton sp. belong to which phylum?
Deuteromycota
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Coccidioides immitis belongs to which phylum?
Deuteromycota
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Sporotrix schenkii belongs to which phylum?
Deuteromycota
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All members of the phylum Deuteromycota produce what type of sexual spore?
Sexual spores have not been identified for members of this phylum, otherwise they would be in another phylum somewhere else.
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What asexual spores are found in the phylum Deuteromycota?
Any of them.
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