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What muscle is contained within the superficial fascia?
Platysma Muscle
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Where does the Platysma muscle originate and insert
- Origin: Skin over pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
- Insertion: Mandible and skin of lower part of the face
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What nerve innervates the Platysma muscle?
Cervical Branch of the Facial nerve (CN VII)
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Function of the Platysma?
- Tense the skin of the neck
- Draw corners of mouth downward
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What are the 4 main fascias within the deep cervical fascia?
- 1. Investing Fascia
- 2. Prevertebral Fascia
- 3. Visceral Fascia
- 4. Corotid Sheath
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What does the investing fascia attach to superiorly and inferiorly?
- Superiorly: Superior nuchal line of occpital bone and mastoid process
- Inferiorly: Manubrium, clavicle and spine of scapula
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What muscles are enclosed within the investing fascia?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
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What does the prevertebral fascia enclose?
- Vertebral Column
- Associated Musculature
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What is the axillary sheath made from?
From an extension of the prevertebral fascia drawn into the axilla
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What are the 2 fascias contained within the visceral fascia?
- Pretracheal
- Buccopharyngeal
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What does the pretracheal fascia surround?
- Thyroid Gland
- Trachea
- Esophagus
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What does the buccopharyngeal fascia surround?
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Where is the retropharyngeal space located and its function?
- Location: Between the buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia
- Function: Space that accommodates movements of pharynx in swollowing
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What does the corotid sheath contain?
- Common Corotid A.
- Internal Carotid A.
- Inernal Jugular V.
- Vagus nerve (X)
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What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the Cervical Plexus?
- Lesser Occipital Nerve
- Great Aurical Nerve
- Transverse Cervical Nerve
- Supraclavicular Nerve
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Where does the lesser occipital nerve innervate and what is it made of?
- Innervates: Skin and scalp posterior to ear
- Made of: C2 and C3
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Where does the greater aurical nerve innervate and what is it made of?
- Innervates: Skin over mastoid process, lower part of auricle and parotid gland
- Made of: C2 and C3
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What does the transerve cervical nerve innervate and what is it made of?
- Innervates: Skin of anterior part of neck
- Made of: C2 and C3
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What does the supraclavicular nerve innervate and what is it made of?
- Innervates: Skin over the clavicle and inferior to 2nd rib
- Made of: C3 and C4
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What contributions to the accessory nerve are seen in the cervical plexus and where do they go?
- Function of both: Proprioceptive Sensory
- Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: C2 and C3
- Trapezius Muscle: C3 and C4
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Name the 4 motor innervations found in the ansa cervicalis
- Inferior Omohyoid
- Superior Omohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Sternohyoid
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What innervates the Geniohyoid and Thyrohyoid?
C1 that travels with the hypoglossal nerve
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What is the phrenic nerve made of and innervates what?
- Made of: C3, C4 and C5
- Innervation: Motor nerve of diaphragm and sensory to the cental part of diaphragm
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What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the sternocleidomastoid bone?
- Origin: Sternum and Clavicle
- Insertion: Mastoid process
- Innervation: Accessory Nerve
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What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid bone, both acting alone and together?
- Acting Alone: Tilts the head to its own side and rotates the face to the opposite side
- Acting Together: Flex the neck
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What is found within the posterior triange?
- Accessory Nerve
- External Jugular Vein
- Cutaneous Branches of the Cerical Plexus
- Transverse Cervical and Suprascapular Arteries
- Scalenus Anterior Muscle
- Brachial Plexus
- Subclavian Vessels
- Phrenic Nerve
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What does the accessory nerve within the posterior triangle do?
Divide triangle into superior portion and inferior portion
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Where is the external jugular found?
Crossing the SCM obliquely
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What is the origin, insertion and function of Scalenus Anterior Muscle?
- Origin: Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
- Insertion: First rib
- Function: Assisting in lateral flexion of neck and elevation of first rib
- 2nd Function: Anatomical relationship to brachial plexus and subclavian nerves
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What is the anterior triangle further subdivided into?
- Submental triangle
- Muscular Triangle
- Submandibular Triangle
- Carotid Triangle
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What muscles are found within the submental triangle?
Digastric muscles and mylohyoid muscles
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the mylohyoid muscles?
- Origin: Mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid and median fibrous raphe
- Innervation: Trigeminal Nerve
- Function: Elevate the floor of the mouth
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What is the function of the muscles in the muscular triangle?
Depress and steady the hyoid bone during swollowing and phonation
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation of the sternohyoid?
- Origin: Manubrium
- Insertion: Hyoid
- Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation of the sternothyroid?
- Origin: Deep to sternohyoid
- Insertion: Thyroid Cartilage
- Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation of the omohyoid?
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Hyoid
- Connected with Intermediate tendon
- Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation of the thyrohyoid?
- Origin: Thryoid cartilage
- Insertion: Hyoid
- Innervation: C1
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What is located within the muscular triangle?
- Infrahyoid muscles
- Thryoid gland
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Branch of vagus)
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What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
- Anterior and posterior belly of digastric
- Inferior border of mandible
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What is located within the submandibular triangle?
- Submandibular Gland
- Mylohyoid nerve and artery
- Digastric muscles
- Stylohyoid muscles
- Facial artery and vein
- Hypoglossal nerve
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Where is the mylohoid nerve and artery located?
Superficial surface of the mylohyoid
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the anterior and posteriorbelly of digastric?
- Origin (anterior): Mandible
- Origin (posterior): Mastoid process
- Insertion: Hyoid
- Innervation (anterior): Trigeminal Nerve
- Innervation (posterior): Facial nerve
- Function: Elevate the hyoid and help in opening the mouth
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the stylohyoid muscle?
- Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone
- Insertion: Hyoid
- Innervation: Facial nerve
- Function: Assist digastric in elevating the hyoid
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What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
- Posterior belly of digastric
- Superior belly of omohyoid
- Anterior superior border of SCM
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What is located within the Carotid Triangle?
- Common carotid artery
- Internal jugular vein
- Ansa Cervicalis
- Vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves
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What occurs to the CCA within the carotid triangle?
It divides into the external and internal artery
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Where is the internal jugular vein located?
Deep to the sternocleidomastoid in the carotid triangle
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What can occur through the retropharyngeal space?
Spreading of an inflammation from prevertebral fascia to the thoracic cavity
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Where is pain from the central part of diaphragm felt?
As pain from the skin over the clavicle (referred pain)
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Severing the accessory nerve could result in what?
Drooped shoulder
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What is the thoracic inlet syndrome?
Narrowing gap between scalenus anterior and medius muscles. Causes pressure on the brachial plexus or occlusion of subclavian artery
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