A&P Sept 9th Notes

Anatomical position is

Upper part of and structure

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

terms used mostly in appendages

is a vertical plane that divides, the body into right and left planes

a sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline of the body

sagittal plane offset from the midline

like sagittal planes, lie vertically. divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. also called coronal plane

runs horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior parts, also called a cross section

are cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

has two major subdivisions the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Houses internal organs collectively called the viscer or visceral organs

superior subdivision of the ventral body cavity

inferior to of the ventral body cavities

the pelvic brim seperates the

the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs, it contains are covered by a thin double layered membrane called

covers organs

defines the extend of the cell

fluid within cells

fluid outside the cells

depicts the plasma membrane as an exceedingly thin structure composed of a double layer or bilayer of lipid molecules with protein molecules plugged into or dispersed in it

the proteins float in the fluid lipid bilayer, form a constantly changing ---- pattern

change always shifting not concrete, like a part of cholesterol can be stuck to a different place. cells are static, always changing, coming and going as they please
example of...

membrane lipids are....

the lipid bilayer forms the basic fabric of the membrane, it is constructed largely of ------- with smaller amounts of cholesterol and glycolipids.

each lollipop-shaped phospholipid molecule has a polar head that is charged and is

the main constitute of both intracellular and extracellular fluids

each phospholipid tail is uncharged and nonpolar that is made of two fatty acid chains is

lipids with attached sugar groups

found only on the outer plasma membrane surface and account for 5% of the total membrane lipid

the sugar group of a glycolipid makes the end of the molecule ---- whereas the fatty acid tails are ------

has a polar region and nonpolar region. it wedges its platelike hydrocarbon rings between the phospholipid tails, stabilizing the membrane while increasing the mobility of the phospholipid and the fluidity of the membrane

used to describe the fuzzy, sticky, carbohydrate- rich area at the cell surface

Sugar coated cells

the ---- clings to each cells surface is enriched both by glycolipids and by glycoproteins secreted by the cell

provides highly specific biological markers by which approaching cells recognize each other

the glycocalyx that clings to each cells surface is enriched both by flycolipids and ---- secreted by the cell

---- is a rich nutritious soup containing amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, and waste products

substances can move through the plasma membrane in two ways

substances cross the membrane without any energy input from the cell

transport that uses ATP

Transport that moves ---- the concentration gradient

is the tendency of molecules or ions to move from an area where they are in higher concentration to an area where they are in lower concentration, that is down or along their concentration gradient

has to have a channel to pass threw like water into the cell

diffusion of a solvent such as water through a selectively permeable membrane

water moves freely and reversibly through water specific channels constructued by transmembrane protein called

through a higher to lower concentration gradient

the ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by altering their internal water volume

solutions with the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes

brings materials into the cell, grabs molecules wraps around and ingests it

secretion or ejection of substance from the cell. the substance is enclosed in a membranous vesicle, which fuses with the plasma membrane and ruptures; releasing the substance to the exterior

everything between the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane

true karyon nucleus

bacteria, no defined area where they keep chromosomes, dont have a bunch of organelles,

is a molecule soup, intercellular fluid