Chapter 8

In the late 20th century, nurse and anthropologist ____ helped develop the concept that a client has physical, spiritual, psychological, and socioeconomic needs that exist in our complex, diverse world.

____ is the accumulated learning for generational groups of individuals within structured of non-structured societies.

It is a heritage that is learned through formal and informal experiences through the life cycle. Culture consists of the combined heritage of

Culture is influenced by

An individual ____, ____, and ____ according to specified values within a culture.

A pattern of ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and other behaviors emerge from the learned culture and are shared in a defined group over time as an identifiable heritage.

____ are groups within dominant cultures. ____ form because individuals share characteristics that belong to an identifiable group such as occupations, religions, geographic origins, or age.

Nursing students also comprise a subculture because of the:

____ is used to differentiate large groups of humankind that share common biological and sociological characteristics. ____ implies genetic characteristics associated with having ancestors from a specific part of the world.

Race should not be confused with

Racial mixing has blurred the physical characteristics of

The term ____ can be misleading.

____ is the common heritage shared by a specific culture.

____ are becoming so interwoven and blended that specific identification of cultural groups is difficult. The mix of cultural groups in the United States changed in the 20th century.

____ is the fastest-growing group in the United States.

African American common health concerns

Natice American common health concerns

American Nurses Association (ANA), promote nursing issues of cultural competency and ethnic diversity. Three concepts are important

____ is a belief based on preconceived notions about certain groups of people. ____ can be unfair, biases beliefs.

Many people have been the victims of prejudice.

____ is the belief that one's own culture is the best and only acceptable way.

____ refers to classifying or categorizing people and believing that all those belonging to a certain group are alike.

People are more alike than different
True False

____ is the understanding and tolerance of all cultures and lifestyles. It is crucial in the deliverly of comptent nursing care.

A great deal of ____ takes place using nonverbal cues, hand signals, and pictures. Clients will be appreciative if you learn a few words in their language. Remember that a smile is understood in almost any language.

Personal space refers to a person's comfort zone. Types of personal space include

____ is often culture related.

____ can give important cues about clients.

In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormon) and Seventh Day Adventist religious, diet also plays an important part. Most followers eliminate

Even though members of a religious, ethnic, or cultural group may share similarities, each person is ____. Remember not to stereotype individuals. All members of a groupd do not behave or believe alike.

Kosher laws govern dietary practices for ____. Frozen kosher meals are available. The person's family can also bring in food.

Muslims (Moslems) are believers in Islam. ____ and ____ are prohibiteed.

No blood and blood products. Autologous blood transfusions allowed by some.

All body parts must be buried together.

____ teaches that good health results from harmony of the universe with proper balancing of internal and external forces. Following ____ is to know and to live a natural life.

____ is defined as caring for clients while taking into consideration their religious and sociocultural backgrounds.

Madeleine Leininger, the international leader in the field, has also called this ethnic-sensitive nursing care or

Communication is the key.
True False

All ____ bring cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds to nursing. Learn from cultural diversity, whether from clients or coworkers.