BioPsychCh3

• Spanish anatomical researcher and illustrator
• Won nobel prize with Golgi in 1906 in medicine for their work on the structure of the nervous system

• Awarded nobel prize for the synapse and neuron
• Reflexes

• Can be modified by signals from the brain (don't require the brain)
• Signals were actually more consistent when spinal cord is disconnected from the brain

• The circuit from sensory neuron to muscule response
• Bottom of dogs foot -> Dorsal root ganglion -> out central spinal cord = Lift of the foot

Sherrington measured the time measured for dogs to withdraw their leg from the pinch. They don't quite touch each other so he decided there must be a delay in synapses

• Synaptic inputs from separate locations combine their effects on a neuron
• Light pinch = no response
• Repeated light pinches = response

Occurs when a synaptic input selectively opens the gates for potassium ions to leave the cell (carrying a (+) charge)

Idea that famous experiment came to him in his sleep. Won nobel prize.. Decrease/increase frog's heart rate

• 1) Synthesis
• 2) Transport terminal buttons
• 3) Storage into synapse
• 4) Bind to autoreceptors
• 5) Separate from receptors
• 6) Reuptake or breakdown by enzymes (Ach)
• 7) Activation of receptors

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors in themebrane of the postsynaptic cell, immediately opening ion channels

Open several channels slower but is longer lasting

• Amino Acids: Glutamate, GABA, Acetylcholine, Asparate, Glycine
• Monoamines: Serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, noepenephrine
• Purines
• Gases

• Movement
• Nigrostriatal pathway and reward (mesolimbic: wanting v liking)

• Movement
• REM sleep
• Learning and attention
• Deficient in Alzheimers patients

• Mood
• Hunger
• Dreams
• Antidepressants

• Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter
• IPSPS are likely to be abnormal or deficient in epileptics

primary excitatory neurotransmitter, EPSPs, mild pain and formation of memories

• Relive pain by decreasing the pain
• Neurotransmitter "liking v wanting' something

Release of neurotransmitter in bursts from the prestnaptic neuron from the postsynaptic neuron

Chemical that is secreted in most cases by a gland but also by other kinds of cells and conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences

• Dopamine release in the NA seems to affect wanting, not liking
• TR - taste reactivity - findings
• Liking may be influences more by opiods than by dopamine

Drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter

Drug that mimics or increases the effects

A drug has an affinity for a receptor if it binds to it like a key in a lock

Tendency to activate the receptor.

increase excitement, alertness, activity while elevating ,ppd and decreacing fatigue

Makes you sleepy - coffee BLOCKS them

Ex: Nicotine, Morphine, LSD, THC

Both work by blocking the reuptake of dopamine

Works by reversing the reuptake of dopamine

Is a deppresant by hyperpolarization of ions. It's a GABA agonist thatworks by helping GABA open its ion channel I

Inhibit GABA releasing neurons that inhibit the release of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens

Ex: heroine, morphine

Food, surprising rewards like gambling