Anatomy & Physiology Test 2 Flashcards

Some ribosomes attach to the?

a)SER
b)mitochondria
c)RER
d)Golgi body
e)DNA

There was a stupid competition sponsored by certain radio station where people were told to drink water as much as they could during a limited period of time and whoever drank the most water would be the winner. This woman drank about a gallon of water in a record time. She won the competition and died afterwards, because water intoxication due to:

a)water moved from her blood to the intestines; she dehydrated

b)the osmosis from the hypertonic solution to the hypotonic one

c)osmosis from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic one

d)the isotonic solution of the water caused the hypertonic solution of her blood to become hypertonic, too

e)unexplainable causes, because water is not poisonous

Toxic substances are removed from cells by the:

a)Golgi body
b)mitochondria
c)ribosomes
d)SER
e)RER

The cell’s DNA is located in the:
a)nucleus
b)nucleolus
c)lysosome
d)ribosome
e)nuclear membrane

Chromosomes are mostly made of:
a)DNA and RNA
b)proteins and RNA
c)lipids and proteins
d)proteins and DNA
e)carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and DNA

Your cell membranes (as well as all cell membranes) are:

a)impermeable
b)freely permeable
c)actively permeable
d)selectively permeable
e)slightly permeable

A solution that contains a lower concentration of a solute than the cytoplasm of a cell is called:

a)isotonic
b)hypertonic
c)hypotonic
d)isomeric
e)isotropic

FB (Fill in the Blank). If a substance moves against its concentration gradient it means that it moves from ____ concentration to ____ concentration.

A red blood cell placed in pure water would:

a)shrink
b)swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached
c)neither shrink nor swell
d)swell and burst

The plasma membrane is:

a)a single-layered membrane around the nucleus
b)a double layer of proteins around the plasma
c)the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
d)a membrane made of cristae

Structures that are fingerlike projections that increase the absorbing surface of cells:

a)sterocilia
b)microvilli
c)cilia
d)flagella

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, the cell will:

a)swell and burst
b)lose water and shrink
c)shrink at first, but later will reach homeostasis
d)show no change due to diffusion of solvent and solute

Fluid intercellular material:

a)cytosol
b)cytoplasm
c)protoplasm
d)nucleoplasm

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, one of the following happens:

a)A ribosome enter the vacuole and uses the amino acids of the invader.

b)A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the material.

c)The vacuole remains untouched.

d)Nitrogen molecules enter the vacuole to digest the material.

One of the following is the function of a plasma membrane protein:

a)to circulate antibodies
b)molecular transport through the membrane
c)to form a lipid bilayer
d)oxygen transport

To detoxify substances by enzymatic action:

a)ribosomes
b)lysosomes
c)flagella
d)peroxisomes

Remember DNA duplication? The name of the phase where it happens is:

a)Interphase
b)Telophase
c)Anaphase
d)Prophase
e)Metaphase

The basic structural and functional unit of life:

a)the atom
b)the molecule
c)the cell
d)the tissue
e)the virus

The main component of the cytosol is:

a)proteins
b)sugars
c)salts
d)water

The function of the centrioles is:

a)to organize the spindle fibers

b)to provide motion to substances along the cytoplasm

c)to serve as the site for ribosomes production

d)to produce ATP

Crenation is likely to occur in blood cells in:

a)an isotonic solution
b)an hypertonic solution
c)an hypotonic solution
d)the plasma

Rod-shaped bodies that contain the genes: ____________________

The cell membrane is made of:

a)a bilayer of proteins with some phospholipids embedded in it

b)a bilayer of phopholipids with some proteins embedded in it

c)a bilayer of phospholipids and a bilayer of proteins

d)DNA and RNA

e)a bilayer of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

You are lost and starving in a desert. In order for your brain to obtain enough energy to stay alive, it begins to digest some of its own less essential components. The organelle responsible for this self-digestion is the ________________________________.

The more active a cell is, the more ___________________ it contains.

Lysosomes are made by the:

a)ribosomes
b)nucleolus
c)Golgi apparatus
d)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e)flagella

The ________________________ (which are present in animal cells but not in plant cells) are made of tubulin

The arrangement of microtubules in a centriole is:

a)9 triplets in a circle

b)10 triplets in a circle

c)9 triplets in circle and a pair in the center

d)9 pairs in a circle and a pair in the center

They have the same arrangement for the microtubules:

a)pseudopods and centrioles

b)centrioles and cilia

c)cilia and flagella

d)pseudopods, cilia and flagella

The modification of proteins occurs in the _____________.

The ribosomes are produced by the________________.

The _______________ controls the cell activities.

It produces lipids:

a)Golgi apparatus

b)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c)rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)nucleus

They contain digestive enzymes:

a)nucleolus

b)Golgi apparatus

c)lysosomes

d)centrioles

The ___ proteins are deeply embedded in the bilayer of ___:

a)peripheral; integral proteins

b)integral; peripheral proteins

c)peripheral; phospholipids

d)integral; phospholipids

They are made of the proteins actin and myosin:

a)centrioles

b)microtubules

c)microfilaments

d)cilia and flagella

The movement of oxygen molecules from high to low concentration of them across a cell membrane:

a)simple diffusion

b)active transport

c)facilitated transport

d)osmosis

Water entering a red blood cell placed in distilled water is an example of ___________________.

Pumping of molecules out of a cell from low to high concentration with the help of a carrier is named ______________.

Exocytosis of wastes (byproducts) is called ____________.

When an amoeba encloses a bacterium in a vesicle:

a)endocytosis

b)phagocytosis

c)pinocytosis

d)receptor-mediated endocytosis

e)exocytosis

Process that involves the participation of receptors and the production of vesicles to input materials in the cell:

a)receptor-mediated exocytosis

b)receptor-mediated phagocytosis

c)receptor-mediated endocytosis

d)pinocytosis-carrier-endocytosis

An enzyme destroys the actin molecules of a cell. As a consequence, the cell:


a)will not be able to move

b)won’t be able to do protein synthesis

c)will reproduce mitotically

d)will lose its microtubules

They are very scarce when present:

a)microtubules

b)microfilaments

c)cilia

d)flagella

They are hydrophobic:

a)the heads of the phospholipids

b)the tails of the phospholipids

c)the glycerol and phosphate of the phospholipids

d)b and c

It requires ATPs:

a)simple diffusion

b)facilitated transport

c)active transport

d)osmosis

Two phases where chromatin fibers (not chromosomes) are present: _______________

The chromosomic units attached to each other are named:

a)chromatin fibers

b)sister chromosomes

c)sister chromatids

d)sister centromeres

e)brother chromosomes

The region of attachment between chromosomic units is named ___________________.

One of the following is a diploid cell:

a)n = 5

b)n = 6

c)2n = 7

d)2n = 8

e)c and d are correct

Chromosomes are on their way towards the equator during _________________.

The sequence of phases in mitosis is:

a)telo-, ana-, meta-, prophase

b)pro-, ana-, meta-, interphase

c)inter-, pro-, meta-, ana-, telophase

d)pro-, meta-, ana-, telophase

Duplication of chromatin fibers and DNA occurs specifically in:

a)subphase G1

b)subphase G2

c)subphase S

d)interphase

e)telophase

The nuclear membrane appears during ______________________.

A haploid cell of 5 chromosomes is in prophase. The cell, then, has:

a)5 chromatids


b)10 chromatids

c)5 single chromosomes

d)10 chromatin fibers

A 2n = 28 cell in prophase has:

a)28 single chromosomes

b)28 chromatids

c)14 pairs of double chromosomes

d)14 pairs of chromatids

The duplication of centrioles ends specifically in:

a)subphase G1

b)subphase G2

c)subphase S

d)interphase

e)telophase

When you were an embryo, your brain cells reproduced by:

a)mitotic division

b)meiotic division

c)a combination of mitosis and meiosis

d)sexual reproduction

e)anaerobic respiration

The production of your gametes is by:

a)meiotic division

b)mitotic division

c)a combination of mitosis and meiosis

d)cytokinesis, mitosis and meiosis

One difference between mitotic division and meiotic division is that in mitotic division ___ and in meiotic division ___:

a)the daughter cells contain half the number of chromosomes; the daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes than the parental cell

b)there are two daughter cell produced; there are four daughter cells produced

c)there are four daughter cells produced; there are two daughter cells produced

d)the process stops; the process repeats with the daughter cells

Each set of ___ in DNA or in mRNA is known as a ___:

a)amino acids; codon

b)nitrogenous bases; anticodon

c)nucleotides; polypeptide

d)nucleotides; codon

The cytokinesis in animal cells involves a ___________________.

The synthesis of mRNA by a strand of DNA is named ________________.

It provides energy to activate the amino acids:

a)ribosome

b)ATP

c)DNA

d)mRNA

e)tRNA

The spliceosome cuts out the _________________ and reattaches the ____________________.

It takes place in the cytoplasm:

a)transcription

b)initiation

c)elongation

d)termination

e)translation

An incoming tRNA (to the mRNA) with the activated amino acid enters directly in the:

a)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

b)anticodon of the mRNA

c)P site

d)A site

The very first codon in mRNA is _____________.

The anticodon UUU has the complementary (matching) codon ___ in mRNA and the mRNA had the complementary codon ___ in DNA;

a)UUU; TTT

b)AAA; TTT

c)AAA; UUU

d)UUU; AAA

You find ___ inside the capsid:

a)DNA

b)p-18

c)gp-120

d)lipid membrane

e)RNAs

Codon is to ___ as anticodon is to ___:

a)DNA; mRNA

b)mRNA; DNA

c)mRNA; tRNA

d)tRNA; mRNA

The useless sequences of nucleotides are called ________________.

The growing polypeptide slides to the ___ in order to leave the ___ opened:

a)A site; A site

b)A site; P site

c)P site; A site

d)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; ATP

In the activation of an amino acid, the enzyme involved is:

a)DNA helicase

b)RNA polymerase

c)tRNA

d)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

e)mRNA

The part of the process of adding amino acids to the chain of amino acids is called _____________.

The RNA polymerase uses a ___ strand to make ___ giving it an exact sequence of ___:

The capsid of the HIV is made of _________________.

AIDS stands for:

a)human immunodeficiency virus

b)assisted immunodeficiency simulation

c)acquired immunodeficiency virus

d)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

The AIDS virus is called retrovirus because the presence and action of:

a)DNA

b)twin RNAs

c)gp-120

d)lipid membrane

e)tRNA

The first type of cell the HIV invades is:

a)cytotoxic B-cell

b)helper T-cell

c)assistant T-cell

d)red blood cell

e)helper B-cell

The reverse transcriptases make single-stranded _________ molecules.

The reverse transcriptases use the ____________________ to make DNAs

The AIDS patient has a _____ due to the reduced count of ___:

a)strong immune system; red blood cells

b)weak immune system; white blood cells

c)weak immune system; red blood cells

d)weak immune system; low count of T-cells only

The capsules are directly produced inside the host by the:

a)viral mRNA

b)host’s mRNA

c)proviruses

d)viral DNAs

e)reverse transcriptases

The HIV obtains its lipid membrane from:

a)the cell membrane of the T-cell

b)the nuclear membrane of the T-cell
c)another HIV virus

d)red blood cells

This is the protein that attaches directly to the host’s receptor:

a)the lipid membrane

b)p-24

c)p-18

d)gp-120

e)viral single-stranded DNA

This one goes last in the replication of the HIV:

a)the reverse transcriptases associate with the new twin RNAs

b)the single strand DNAs become double strand DNAs

c)the viral capsule disintegrates to produce molecules to take control over the host cell

d)twin RNAs with associated reverse transcriptases go inside the capsid

The most external molecule in the HIV is the ______________________.

The proviruses make _____________ and _____________.

The viral mRNAs make:

a)proteins of the capsule and reverse transcriptases

b)reverse transcriptases and twin RNAs

c)mRNAs and twin RNAs

d)twin RNAs and viral capsules

Made of prokaryotic cells:

a)your liver cells

b)plant cells

c)protist cells

d)bacteria

e)all of them

The cellular material found inside the nucleus is called the:

a)protoplasm

b)nucleoplasm

c)cytoplasm

d)chromosomes

e)all are correct

Membranous structure that stores food molecules or pigments:

a)Golgi body

b)mitochondrion

c)ribosome

d)vacuole

e)chromatid

One of the following is not found in plant cells:

a)centrioles

b)ribosomes

c)lysosomes

d)nucleus

e)vacuoles

The cellular material surrounding the nucleus is called the:

a)protoplasm

b)nucleoplasm

c)cytoplasm

d)chromosomes

e)all are correct

The organelle involved in cellular respiration is named __________________________.

They participate directly in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm:

a)genes

b)ribosomes

c)microtubules

d)lysosomes

e)DNA polymerases

It uses a template of DNA to do transcription:

a)genes

b)RNA polymerase

c)ribosome

d)lysosomes

e)DNA polymerase

Containing a membrane:

a)ribosomes

b)centrioles

c)mitochondrion

d)nucleolus

These are made of proteins and nucleic acids only:

a)nucleus

b)chromatin fibers

c)nucleolus

d)rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes

The chemical composition of lysosomes is _________________ and __________________.

If your brain cells are lazy, they are not using much:

a)DNA
b)AMP
c)ATP
d)RNA

It has pores for communication:

a)cell membrane
b)nuclear membrane
c)lysosome
d)cytoplasm

The arrangement of microtubules in a cilium is:

a)9 triplets in a circle

b)10 triplets in a circle

c)9 triplets in circle and a pair in the center

d)9 pairs in a circle and a pair in the center

Short and numerous:

a)flagella

b)cilia

c)pseudopods

d)pseudopods, cilia and flagella

Temporary cytoplasmic projections for movement:

a)flagella

b)cilia

c)pseudopods

d)pseudopods, cilia and flagella

Chromatin fibers are found in the:

a)nucleus
b)nucleolus
c)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d)cytoplasm
e)nucleoplasm

Two phases where chromatin fibers (not chromosomes) are present: ________________ and _________________.

When your skin cells reproduce, your parental cells will be in Prophase as:

a)n = 23

b)2n = 23 pairs

c)n = 46

d)2n = 46 chromatids

One of the following is a diploid cell:

a)n = 5
b)n = 6
c)2n = 7
d)2n = 8
e)c and d are correct

Chromosomes are on their way towards the equator during _____________________________.

The sequence of phases in Mitotic Division is:

a)telo-, ana-, meta-, prophase

b)pro-, ana-, meta-, interphase

c)inter-, pro-, meta-, ana-, telophase

d)pro-, meta-, ana-, telophase

Nuclear membrane appears during:

a)interphase

b)prophase

c)telophase

d)anaphase

e)metaphase

A haploid cell of 4 chromosomes is in prophase. The cell, then, has:

a)4 chromatids

b)8 chromatids

c)4 single chromosomes

d)8 chromatin fibers

A 2n = 18 cell in prophase has:

a)18 single chromosomes

b)18 chromatids

c)9 pairs of double chromosomes

d)9 pairs of chromatids

The duplication of centrioles ends specifically in:

a)phase G1

b)phase G2

c)phase S

d)interphase

e)telophase

Deep in your skin, your cells reproduce by:

a)mitotic division

b)meiotic division

c)a combination of mitosis and meiosis

d)sexual reproduction

The production of your sperm cells or ova is by:

a)meiotic division

b)mitotic division

c)a combination of mitosis and meiosis

d)cytokinesis, mitosis and meiosis

The cytokinesis in your cells involves a:

a)cell plate

b)cytoplasmic furrow

c)mitosis

d)telophase

Production of mRNA is called:

a)translation

b)initiation

c)elongation

d)intron-exon

e)transcription

The production of a polypeptide is called _________________________________.

Each set of ___ in DNA or in mRNA is known as a ___:

a)amino acids; codon

b)nitrogenous bases; anticodon

c)nucleotides; polypeptide

d)nucleotides; codon

The molecule ________ provides the energy to activate the amino acids

The useful sets of nucleotides are named ___:

a)exons

b)introns

c)codons

d)anticodons

e)m-RNAs

The step in the coupling of a ribosome with mRNA is specifically part of this:

a)transcription

b)initiation

c)elongation

d)termination

An incoming tRNA (to the mRNA) with the activated amino acid enters directly in the:

a)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

b)anticodon of the mRNA

c)P site

d)A site

A stop codon is a codon:

a)for which there is not anticodon in DNA

b)like AUG

c)for which there is no anticodon in tRNAs

d)that is part of the structure of a ribosome

Suppose there is a mutation (change) in a DNA, the immediate consequence of it will be in:

a)translation

b)transcription

c)elongation

d)the polypeptide

This kid has a genetic disease. This means that one or more ____ are going to be wrong (bad) in their chemical composition:

a)polysaccharides

b)lipids

c)nucleic acids

d)proteins

The growing polypeptide slides to the ___ in order to leave the ___ opened:

a)A site; A site

b)A site; P site

c)P site; A site

d)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; ATP

In the activation of an amino acid, the enzyme involved is:

a)DNA helicase

b)RNA polymerase

c)tRNA

d)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

e)mRNA

The RNA polymerase uses a ___ strand to make ___ giving it an exact sequence of ___:

a)mRNA; DNA; codons

b)DNA; mRNA; anticodons

c)DNA; mRNA; codons

d)tRNA; mRNA; codons

The capsule of the HIV is made of ___________, __________ and __________.

The capsid is made of ____________________________.

The provirus is double-stranded ______________.

The first type of cell the HIV invades is:

a)cytotoxic B-cell

b)helper T-cell

c)assistant T-cell

d)red blood cell

e)helper B-cell

The reverse transcriptases use ___ to make ___:

a)the capsids; DNAs

b)mRNAs; twin RNAs

c)twin RNAs; DNAs

d)the proviruses; twin RNAs and mRNAs

The capsules are directly produced inside the host by the:

a)viral mRNA

b)host’s mRNA

c)proviruses

d)viral DNA

e)reverse transcriptases

HIV obtains its lipid membrane from:

a)the cell membrane of the T-cell

b)the nuclear membrane of the T-cell

c)another HIV virus

d)red blood cells

The most internal molecule in the HIV:
a)a lipid membrane

b)p-24

c)p-18

d)gp-120

e)viral single-stranded DNA

The provirus makes:

a)proteins of the capsule and reverse transcriptases

b)reverse transcriptases and mRNAs

c)mRNAs and twin RNAs

d)twin RNAs and reverse transcriptases

e)DNAs, twin RNAs, mRNAs and reverse transcriptases

Containing a membrane:

a)ribosomes

b)centrioles

c)mitochondrion

d)nucleolus

The ____________________ are made mostly of lipids, proteins and digestive enzymes.

The ______________________________ makes ribosomes.

The ___________ are short and numerous in a cell.

It is made of flat sacs:

a)Golgi apparatus

b)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c)rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)nucleus

With digestive enzymes:

a)nucleolus

b)Golgi apparatus

c)lysosomes

d)centrioles

The ______________ proteins are found on the surface of the bilayer of __________________.

Movement of Sodium ions from low to high concentration of them across a cell membrane:

a)simple diffusion

b)active transport

c)facilitated transport

d)osmosis

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration of them with the assistance of a carrier:

a)simple diffusion

b)active transport

c)facilitated transport

d)secretion

e)osmosis

Entrance of a particle into the cell by means of the production of a vesicle:

a)endocytosis

b)facilitated transport

c)active transport

d)exocytosis

e)osmosis

Exocytosis of hormones is named _____________________________.

When your white blood cells eat bacteria, the process is called:

a)endocytosis

b)phagocytosis

c)pinocytosis

d)exocytosis

e)receptor-mediated endocytosis

Process that involves the participation of receptors and the production of vesicles to input materials in the cell:

a)receptor-mediated exocytosis

b)receptor-mediated phagocytosis

c)receptor-mediated endocytosis

d)pinocytosis-carrier-endocytosis

They are numerous and short when present:

a)microtubules

b)microfilaments

c)cilia

d)flagella

They are hydrophilic:

a)the heads of the phospholipids

b)the tails of the phospholipids

c)the glycerol and phosphate of the phospholipids
d)b and c

ATPs are used in large quantities during:

a)simple diffusion

b)facilitated transport

c)active transport

d)osmosis

Phases where chromosomes are visible:

a)interphase and prophase

b)prophase and metaphase

c)anaphase and telophase

d)interphase and telophase

They are very long and thin chromosomic units attached to each other:

a)chromatin fibers

b)sister chromosomes

c)sister chromatids

d)sister centromeres

e)brother chromosomes

The regions of attachment between chromosomic units split during:

a)Interphase

b)Anaphase

c)Telophase

d)Metaphase

e)Prophase

Chromosomes are on their way towards opposite poles during:

a)interphase

b)prophase

c)telophase

d)metaphase

e)anaphase

The duplication of DNA molecules occurs specifically in:

a)phase G1

b)phase G2

c)phase S

d)interphase

e)telophase

Nuclear membrane disappears during:

a)interphase

b)prophase

c)telophase

d)anaphase

e)metaphase

A haploid cell of 10 chromosomes is in prophase. The cell, then, has:

a)10 chromatids

b)20 chromatids

c)10 single chromosomes

d)20 chromatin fibers

A 2n = 18 cell in prophase has:

a)18 single chromosomes

b)18 chromatids

c)9 pairs of double chromosomes

d)9 pairs of chromatids

The duplication of centrioles starts specifically in:

a)phase G1

b)phase G2

c)phase S

d)interphase

e)telophase

Your brain cells were produced by:

a)mitotic division

b)meiotic division

c)a combination of mitosis and meiosis

d)sexual reproduction

After fertilization, the embryo increases the number of cells by:

a)meiotic division

b)mitotic division

c)a combination of mitosis and meiosis

d)cytokinesis, mitosis and meiosis

The cytokinesis in your stomach cells involves a:

a)cell plate

b)cytoplasmic furrow

c)mitosis

d)telophase

The protein synthesis is actually the production of a:

a)polysaccharide

b)polypeptide

c)polynucleotide

d)mRNA

e)DNA

Each set of ___ in DNA or in mRNA is known as a ___:

a)amino acids; codon

b)nitrogenous bases; anticodon

c)nucleotides; polypeptide

d)nucleotides; codon

In protein synthesis, the amino acids are activated by:

a)ribosome

b)ATP

c)DNA

d)mRNA

e)tRNA

The useful sets of nucleotides are named ___________; the useless ones are named _____________.

It takes place in the nucleus:

a)transcription

b)initiation

c)elongation

d)termination

e)translation

The very first codon in mRNA is:

a)DNA
b)UGA
c)AUG
d)AGU
e)AGT

The codon TTT in DNA has the complementary (matching) codon ___ in mRNA and the matching anticodon would be:

a)AAA; TTT

b)AAA; UUU

c)UUU; AAA

d)TTT; AAA

Codon is to ___ as anticodon is to ___:

a)DNA; mRNA

b)mRNA; DNA

c)mRNA; tRNA

d)tRNA; mRNA

The process of adding amino acids to the chain of amino acids is called _____________________.

The RNA polymerase uses a ___ strand to make ___ giving it an exact sequence of ___:

a)mRNA; DNA; codons

b)DNA; mRNA; anticodons

c)DNA; mRNA; codons

d)tRNA; mRNA; codons

The capsule of the HIV is made of:

a)a lipid

b)protein p-18

c)protein p-24

d)gp-120

e)a - d

AIDS virus is called retrovirus because the presence and action of:

a)DNAs

b)tRNAs

c)gp-120

d)lipid membrane

e)RNAs

The HIV doesn’t attack:

a)white blood cells

b)helper T-cells

c)macrophages

d)red blood cell

The single-stranded viral DNAs become:

a)double-stranded DNAs

b)reverse transcriptases

c)capsules

d)gp-120s

The proviruses are actually:

a)viral mRNA

b)host’s mRNAs

c)viral DNAs

d)capsids

e)reverse transcriptases

This is the protein that attaches directly to the host’s receptor:

a)a lipid membrane

b)p-24

c)p-18

d)gp-120

e)viral single-stranded DNA

This one goes first in the replication of the HIV:

a)the reverse transcriptases associate with the new twin RNAs

b)the single strand DNAs become double strand DNAs

c)the viral capsule disintegrates to produce molecules to take control over the host cell

d)twin RNAs with associated reverse transcriptases go inside the capsid

The most internal molecule in the HIV:

a)a lipid membrane

b)p-24

c)p-18

d)gp-120

The provirus makes:

a)proteins of the capsule and reverse transcriptases

b)reverse transcriptases and mRNAs

c)mRNAs and twin RNAs

d)twin RNAs and reverse transcriptases

e)DNAs, twin RNAs, mRNAs and reverse transcriptases