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Homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal state in your body regardless of any eternal or internal disturbances
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negative feedback mechanism
- inverted amplifier- works against disturbance and doesn't amplify it
- ex. perspiration
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positive feedback mechanism
- body doesn't recognize disturbance is bad so it amplifies it
- ex. congestive heart failure
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efferent
away from CNS to effector organ (muscle, gland)
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ans organization
sensory division--> PNS--> CNS--> PNS--> motor division--> ANS
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sympathetic vs parasym. neurons
- sym- short pregang neurons and long post
- parasym- long pre and short post
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all preganglionic nerves are...
cholinergic
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postganglionic neurons of parasym are...
cholinergic
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postganglionic neurons of sympathetic are...
adrenergic
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cholinergic receptors
receptors that bind to Ach
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nicotinic receptors
- cholinergic
- location- post gang neurons, adrenal medulla cells, skeletal muscle cells
- effect- always stimulatory
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muscarinic receptors
- cholinergic
- location- all parasympathtetic target organs, some sym target organs (sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle)
- effect- inhibitory or stimulatory
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adrenergic receptors
- receptors that bind to norepinephrine
- alpha-generallys stimulatory
- beta- generally inhibitory
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growth hormone
- humoral
- breaks down glucose for energy and aids growth
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thyroid hormone
- hormonal
- raises BMR and body temp
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parathyroid hormone
- humoral
- regulates calcium levels in blood
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andrenocorticotropic hormone
- humoral
- increases levels of blod glucocorticoids
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aldosterone
- humoral
- plasma sodium levels
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pancreatic hormones
- humoral
- regulates palama glucose
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