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Identify the six components of the chain of infection.
- These six components must be met.
- 1.Infectious Agent
- 2.Source
- 3.Portal of Exit
- 4.Mode of Transmission
- 5.Portal of Entry
- 6.Susceptible Host
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Nursing practice focuses on ...
providing a safeand therapeautic environment to protect clients, family members, and healthcare providers from acquiring infection.
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Pathogens are
microorganisms that are capable of harming people.
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Sepsis is ...
a term meaning poisoning of the tissues, often is used to describe the presence of infection.
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septicemia is
transport of an infection or or products of infection through out the body by the blood.
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when a client is referred to as septic i means ...
he or she is displaying the manifestations of systemic or widespread microbial destruction of tissues, often accompanied by high fever or hypotension.
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infectious disease refers to
the pathologic events that result from the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in a host.
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The manifestations of infection include:
fever, rashes, malaise, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, purulent discharge from wounds, a hot, red, tender area around wounds or puncture sites, aches and pains, or total body collapse.
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Aseptic techniques start and end with ..
handwashing
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The processes of aseptic technique include:
cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization
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Bacteria are
single celled independently living microorganisms some of which are capable of causing disease in humans.
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viruses are
living microorganisms composed of particles of nucleic acid and protein.
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fungi are
single celled organisms that include molds and yeast.
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Candida Albicans causes yeast infections in the
mouth, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina in immunocompromised adults.
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parasites are:
multicellular organisms that live on other organisms without contributing anything to their hosts.
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factors that have contributed to the evolution of resistant microbial organisms include the following:
- - overperscription of antibiotics
- - use of inappropriate antibiotics for the infecting organism.
- - incomplete use of antibiotic perscriptions as symptoms subside.
- - harboring and spreading of resistant organisms by carriers who remain symptom free, usually unaware they are infected.
- - increased use of antibiotics in farming thus contaminating milk and meat.
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The four prevention strategies to lessen the risk of infection:
- 1. infection prevention that includes the use of bundles to provide diligent care for vascular and urinary catheters and ventilators.
- 2.swift and precise diagnosis and treatment of the infectious organism.
- 3. accurate use of antimicrobials.
- 4. meticulous adherence to evidence based transmission prevention strategies.
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The procedures with the biggest risk of infection are:
urinary and vascular catheter, and ventilators.
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The chain of infection includes all of the following:
infectious agent, source, portal of ecit, mode of tranmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
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pathogenicity is
the organisms ability to harm and to cause disease
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virulence relates to
vigor with which the organism can grow and multiply.
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invasiveness describes
the organism's ability to enter tissues.
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specifity refers to
the organism's attraction to a specific host.
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Three sources of organisms include
inanimate objects (fomites), human beings, and animals.
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inanimate objects include
medications, air, water, food, or any other material where an organism can find nourishment or lie dormant and survive.
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The following items are portals of exit:
sputum, emesis, stool, urine, blood, wound drainage or secretions from genitals.
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The five main routes of tranmission include:
contact, vehicle, droplet, airborne, and vectorborne
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The two forms of contact transmission are:
- direct contact: body surface to body surface contact
- indirect contact: a susceptible host is exposed to a contaminated object such as a dressing, needle, or surgical insturment.
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Pathogens can enter a susceptible host via:
mouth, nose, ears, vagina, eyes, rectum or urethra. Also breaks in the skin.
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Risk factors that contribute to the development of Hospital Acquired Infections can be grouped into three categories?
environment, therapeautic regimen, and client resistance.
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The following are healthcare settings where a client can achieve an infection:
acute care settings, extended care facilities, ambulatory care facilities, home care, schools, and or the workplace.
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What are the two major categories of aseptic practice:
- medical asepsis: refers to the measures taken to control and reduce the number of pathogens present. Requires "clean technique"
- Surgical asepsis: refers to "sterile technique" a object must be free from all organisms.
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Sterile technique is required for the following immunocompromised patients:
premature newborns, burn clients, transplant recipients, and clients receiving radiation and chemotherapy.
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The single most effective method of preventing nosocomial infections is
handwashing
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Alcohol based products are not effective against the following viruses so handwashing is a required.
clostridium difficile or the norovirus.
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what is disinfection
chemical of physical processes used to reduce the number of pathogens of an objects surface.
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a disinfectant is
a chemical used on lifeless objects.
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antiseptic is
a chemical used on a living object.
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bactericidal is
a chemical that kills microorganisms
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bacteriostatic is
a chemical that prevents multiplication but does not kill bacteria.
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sterilization is
the complete destruction of all microorganisms including spores.
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The following precaitions should be taken with airborne transmission
- put the client in a private negative airflow room with adequate filtration, mask by both nurse and then patient when being transported out of their room.
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The following precautions should be taken with droplet transmission
put the client in a private room or a cohabitation with a client infected with the same organism. Mask required if within 3 feet of client. mask worn by client during transport.
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