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IVPB
intravenous piggyback
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SC, subc, sc, SQ, subQ
subcutaneous
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TKO, more frequently seen as KVO
to keep open, keep vein open
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B.i.d., b.i.d.
twice a day
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PRN, p.r.n.
whenever necessary, as needed
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SOS
once is necessary; if there is a need
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T.i.d, t.i.d.
three times a day
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16 minims=__________mL
1 mL
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1 tsp=_________dram
5 mL=________ dram
1
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1 medium glass=_________oz
8
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1 coffe cup = _______oz
6
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1 drop=____minin (min,m)
1
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Five + five rights
- 1. right client, 2. right drug, 3. right dose, 4. right time, 5. right route
- 1. right assessment, 2. right documentation, 3. client's right to education, 4. right evaluation, 5. client's right to refuse
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Nurse's Six Rights
- 1. right to complete clear order
- 2. right to have the correct drug
- 3. righ to access to information
- 4. right to plicies to guide safe medication administration
- 5. right to administer medications safely and identify system problems
- 6. right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medications
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Components of a drug order
- date and time
- drug name
- drug dosage
- route of administration
- frequency and duration
- any special instructions for witholding or adjusting dosage based on nursing assessment, drug effectiveness, or lab results
- physician or other health care provider's signature or name if TO or VO
- Signatures of licensed practioners taking TO or VO
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How many times should a drug label be read while preparing a medicine? What are those times?
- 1. at the time of contact with the drug bottle/container
- 2. before measuring the drug
- 3. after measuring the drug
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What are other steps in preparing medicines that should be taken to avoid drug errors?
- know the client's health history
- make sure medication order is complete and legible
- know the client's allergies
- know the reason the client is to have the medication
- know the date the med was ordered and ending date
- always check-patient (two forms of ID), medication, dose amount, route, time,
- check expiration
- make sure that medication names are not confused
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What are the categories of drug orders? Describe and give examples
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Nursing Interventions for "Right Client"
- verify with two forms of ID
- distinguish between two clients with the same last name-have warnings highlighted in a bright color
- be aware of patient allergies-may involve using patient's ID bracelt (dependent on facility
- carefully and correctly identify patient in settings where ID bracelets are not used
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What sources could you use to get information about drugs?
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According the the Joint commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) what abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols must not be used by accredited organizations?
- U for unit-write unit
- IU for international unit-write international unit
- Q.D., Q.O.D.-wite daily or every other day
- Trailing zero or lack of leading zero
- MS MSO4 MgSO4 write morphine sulfate, or magnesium sulfate
- symbol for microgram, write mcg
- T.I.W.-write 3 times weekly
- c.c. write mL
- A.S., A.D. A.U. write left ear, right ear both ears
- O.S., O.D., O.U write left eye, right eye, both eyes
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What factors modifly drug responses with respects to absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity, pharmacogenetics, tolerance, and cumulative effect?
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5 FDA Pregnancy Categories
- A No risk to fetus.
- B No risk in animal studies and well controlled studies ni pregnant wormen are not available
- C Animal studies indicate
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