which plate boundaries are moving away from each other?
Divergent
At ___________, there is underwater seperation of the plate (ex. Mid Atlantic Ridge).
Mid ocean ridges
A ____ _____ is the continental seperation of the plates. (ex. East African Rift, Iceland)
rift valley
________ plate boundaries are where lithospheric plates are moving towards each other.
Convergent
________ plate boundaries are where lithospheric plates are slowly moving past each other.
Transform
Identify which magma is described here:
-very silica, poor magma
-rich in iron and magnesium
-magma does not errupt at the earth's surface any more because it requires temperatures that are too hot.
ultramafic
Identify which magma is described here:
-exists at high temperatures
-is a fluid
-low viscosity
-low silica content
Mafic
Identify which magma is described here:
-exists at mid-range temperatures
-a mix of features from both mafic and felsoic magmas
Intermediate (andesitic)
Identify which magma is described here:
-relatively low temperatures
-very rich in silica
-produce very violent eruptions
Felsic (granitic)
________ is the resistance to flow.
Viscosity
What are intrusive bodies of crystallized igneous rocks that forms underground?
Plutons
______ pluton- much smaller exposed surface area.
stock
largest intrusive bodies. Form when layers erode around an igneous rock and it becomes exposed at the surface.
Batholiths
mushroom-shaped intrusions at relatively shallow depths. These intrusions start to inject between layers but then dome upward.
Lacoliths
sheet-like intrusions that intrude between the layers of country rock. (occur at shallow depths because of underlying pressure)
sills
sheet like intrusions that cut across the country rock.
dikes
The outer layer that consists of crust and upper mantle and is primarily solid, brittle rock broken into giant plates.
the lithosphere
________ ______ flow very slowly through the Asthenosphere.
Convection currents
which rock group were formed from molten material?
igneous
which rock group are rocks that are broken down from other rocks?
sedimentary
Which rock group are rocks altered by heat and pressure?
Metamorphic
Most _______ are minerals that are cut and polished along clevage surfaces.
gemstones
List five characteristics about minerals
(hint: INCFD)
1) inorganic
2) naturally occuring
3) crystalline solid
4) fixed chemical composition
5) definite physical properties
Six textures in igneous rocks:
aphantic
planeritic
porphyritic
glassy
pyroclastic
vescular
List three examples of the sources of Earth's heat.
form formation of Earth's creation
radioactive decay from elements like Uranium and Potassium
isotopes decaying
True or false:
Oceanic crust is basaltic in nature, very thin, very young, and less deformed than continental crust.
True
Which of the following describes continental crust?
C. very thick (50 km)
________ "coarse-grained" igneous rocks cool slowly underground The minerals have time to organize and grow larger. _________ "fine-grained" igneous rocks cool very rapidly at the earth's surface as a lava flow.
Intrusive; extrusive
True or false: Lava is the molten rock material below the surface.
false; magma
Minerals "grow" by _________. As a mineral gets larger, it adds on new atoms in the proper geometric arrangement in all directions.
accertion
Minerals, the basic building rocks, are made of ________. which cannot be split into other substances of different composition.
elements
If an atom has the same number of protons as electrons, the atom is ________ and has no charge. If an atom has its electron shell filled, it is________.
