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Vomiting within Several hours of eating, diarrhea later
Fried Rice
Bacillus cereus
Treatment - Self limited, hydration
-
Bloody Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever; rarely Guillain-Barre syndrome
Poultry (2nd most common foodborne bacterial GI infection
Camplyobacter jejuni
Treatment - Hydration, erythomycin, generally self-limited
-
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flaccid paralysis
Honey, home canned foods
Clostridium botulinum
Treatment - Botulism antitoxin (do not give to infants)
-
Watery diarrhea, gray pseudomembranes seen on colonic mucosa, possibly bloody
Antibiotic induced supression of normal colonic flora
(Clindamycin often causes C. diff
Clostridium difficile
Treatment - metronidazole, vancomycin
-
Wattery diarrhea, vomiting, fever
Food/water (travelers' diarrhea)
Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic)
Treatment - hydration, self limited
-
Bloody diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain (risk of HUS)
Ground beef, indirect fecal contamination
E. coli type 0157:H7 (enterohemorrhagic)
Treatment - difficult, antibiotics may worsen condition due to bacterial release of endotoxins as they die. Hydration and generally self limited
-
Vomiting, within several hours of eating; diarrhea later
Room temperature foods
Staphylococcus aureus
Treatment - self limited, hydration
-
Nausea, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, fever, comiting
Eggs, poultry, milk, fresh produce (most common foodborne bacterial GI infection)
Salmonella species
Treatment - Self limited, hydration, immunocompromised patients can be treated with fluoroquinolones (avoid using antibiotics as it increases carrier state)
-
Fever nausea, vomiting, sever bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain (risk of HUS)
Food/water: associated with overcrowding
Shigella species
Treatment - self limited; hydration, ciprofloxacin, TMP-SMX in severe cases
-
Copious watery diarrhea, signs of dehydration
Water, seafood
Vibrio cholerae (rice water diarrhea)
Treatment - aggressive hydration as patient can become severely dehydrated and die rather quickly. tetracyclines and doxycycline can decrease disease length
-
Abdominal pain, watery diarrhea within 24 hours of eating
Seafood (osters especially)
Vibrio parahaemolyitcus
Treatment - Self limited, hydration
-
Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, right lower quadrant pain, fever (can resemble appendicitis)
Pork, produce, and puppy feces
Yersinia enterocolitica
Treatment - Self limited, hydration
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