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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The molecule that ocntains the chemical insturctions for cells to manufacture various proteins.
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Chromosome
One of the 46 molecules of DNA THAT EACH CELL OF THE HUMAN BODY CONTAINS AND THAT, TOGETHER, CONTAIN ALL THE GENES. Other species have more of fewer chromosomes.
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Gene
A section of a chromosome and basic unit for transmission of heredity, consisting of a string of chemicals that are instructions for the cell to manufacture certain proteins.
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Gamete
A reproductive cell; that is; a sperm or ovum that can produce a new ind if it combines with a gamete form the other sex to make a zygote.
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Zygote
The single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum
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23rd Pair
The chromosome determining whether the person is male or female.
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XX
A 23rd pair of two XX shaped chromosome, zygotes become females.
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XY
Chromosome pair in which zygote becomes a male.
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Monozygotic Twins
Twins who originate from one zygote that splits early in development
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Dizygotic Twins
Twins who are fromed when two seperate ova are fertilized by two seperate sperm at roughly the same time. Fraternal Twins
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Down Syndrome
A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. People with trisomy-21 have distinctive characteristics including unusual facial feathures, heart abnormalties, and language difficulties.
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Genetic Counseling
Consultation and testing by trained experts that enable individuals to learn about their genetic heritage, including harmful coniditons that they might pass along to any children they may conceive.
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