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Goals
- 1. research methodology, theorizing
- 2. To write like a psychologist
- 3. Conduct own research
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Writing like a psychologist
- Style of writing in psychology transmits some of the values of psychology:
- Commits to empirical method and view of itself as a cumulative, collaborate effort
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Some ways of obtaining knowledge
- 1. intuition
- 2. authority
- 3. rationalism
- 4. empiricism
- 5. Science
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1. intuition
knowledge gained without conscious effort or thinking
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2. Authority
- knowledge from others presumed to havve direct access to the truth
- -uncritical, unskeptical, accept the truth
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3. Rationalism
- knowledge through reasoning
- *reason from commonsense ideas,
- universally held ideas, views of
- authorities.
- Socarates is a man
- all men are mortal
- therefore, Sacrates is mortal
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4. Empiricism
knowledge through observation or experience
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Empirical
observe, measure
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5. Science
- Rationalism + empiricism
- a. systematic observation - The empirical methodb. Agreed upon methodology
- c. skeptical analysis (doubting and questioning of facts)
- d. public verification
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Public Verification
checking all claims
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Goal of Science (in obtaining knowledge)
prediction and explanation (assumption: laws of nature, causality)
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Idea of psychology as a science is new-
- 1. William James 1875
- 2. Wilhelm Wundt 1879
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Scientific Methods Used long ago:
Why not for psychology?
Idea that human actions and experiences can be studies with empirical/scientific methods clashes with long Western cultural heritage about the nature of people
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Mind-Body Dualism
Mind = ____ ____ = consciousness = _______ _____ vs. Physical body (person is clothed with a body of clay)
mental processes/immortal soul
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