Syntax Files A5

• modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and sentences
• manner adverbs
• time and location adverbs
• sentence adverbs (pertaining to judgements about the desirability of an event or situation)
• extent adverbs (modifying adjectives and other adverbs)
• epistemic adverbs (pertaining to truth, falsity probability, or possibility)

occur before NP with which they combine

occur after NP with which they combine

cover term for prepositions and postpositions

introduce contrasts involving location with regard to speaker and/or addressee (e.g. this verses that book)

include various expressions of quantity (e.g. every, some, several, and many) and numerals (e.g. one, two, etc.)

reference determined elsewhere in sentence or discourse

refers to speaker (e.g. I) , addressee (e.g. you) , or third-party (e.g. he, she, it)

coreferential with an NP in the same clause (e.g. himself)

English each other

include deictic component (e.g. this is more expensive than that) but are not determiners and do not co-occur with a noun

one, someone, anyone

who and which as used in relative clauses (e.g. the student who gave us directions)

special set of elements used to indicate a noun's class membership, especially when accompanied by a numeral, determiner, or quantifier

connects words, phrases, or sentences

connects elements equal in status (e.g. both are words/phrases and in category, Ns or NPs, etc.)

establish relationship between head and dependent clause (e.g. as that, whether, although, while, etc.)

• subordinating conjunctions
• introduce Ss that function as subject or object within larger Ss (e.g. that, whether, and if)

• use a negative word (e.g. not, не, nicht)
• use two words - one before and after verb
• use bound morpheme that attaches to verb
• use negative verb that combines with entire clause