the ways that ppl reduce negative emotions after a stressful event
ego defense mechanisms
Freud
psychological regulation strategies that serve to resolve tension btn the id and the superego and keep disturbing wishes and desires hidden from consciousness
process model of emotion regulation
James Gross
a model that organizes emotion regulation strategies according to their place in the emotion process itself – as an alternating way of thinking about and classifying coping strategies
problem-focused coping
controlling the situation, either by choosing to be in one situation rather than another or by changing the situation somehow
reappraisal
changing the way we think about the situation to deter some emotions and/or encourage others
emotion-focused coping
reducing emotions after they have already started
"blunting"
psychological inoculation
dealing w/ a stressor exposing yourself to a milder version of the stressful events
cognitive restructuring
when ppl change the way they think about a larger emotional issue or frequently occuring situation–a frequent goal in therapies for such mood disorders or depression and anxiety
postive reappraisal
focusing on positive aspects of negative or challenging situations
catharsis
the "release" of strong emotions by experiencing and expressing them fully
rumination
thinking continuously about a problem for a long time, focusing on negative aspects of the situation instead of possible solutions