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Diameter of Earth
24890mi
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First Scientists to measure Earths circumference
Eratosthenes
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Greenwich Mean Time
- - Universal Time
- - Zulu Time
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December 21 the sun in located at..
23.5* S
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The shortest point between two points
Great cirle lines
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The equator is a great circle
True
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Greatest proprotion of atmospheric gas
Nitrogen (N2)
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Perihelion
when Earth is closet to the Sun (January)
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Aphelion
When Earth is farthest from the sun (July)
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Winter Solstace
- - Sun @ 23.5* ( Tropic of Capricorn)
- - NP (day) / SP (night)
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Prime Merdian
- - Measured from Greenwich, England
- - 0* Merdian
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Great Circles
- - Any circle of Earth's cicumference whose cener coincides w/ the center of Earth
- - Equator
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Small Cirlces
Diminishes in length towards the poles
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Merdian
Lines connecting all points along the same longitude
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Parallel Lines
Connecting all points @ the same latitudinal angle
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Lithosphere
Earth's landscape system
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Hydrosphere
weather, water, and climate system
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Antarctic Circle
66.5* (S)
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Tropic of Capricorn
23.5*(S)
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Herodotus
Created first map
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Pythagoras
determined earth was round
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5 themes of geographic science
- - location
- -place
- -movement
- -regions
- -human-earth realtionship
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Movement
Things, energy, resources
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Human-Earth Relationship
How we deal w/ the environment around us
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Region
location charcteristics
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Location
- - Relative = location
- - Absolute = geographic location
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Place
Characteristics that make a place unique
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December 21
winter solstice
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September 21
Fall equinox
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Fall Equinox
- - Sun @ equator = 0*
- - 12 hr day/ 12 hr night
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Summer Solstice
- - Sun @ 23.5* (N) (Tropic of Cancer)
- - 15 hr day
- - NP (day)/ SP (night)
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Spring Equinox
- - Sun @ equator = 0*
- - 12hr day/ 12hr night
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Longitude
Distance east/west from a point on the Earths surface
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Latitude
- - Runs North/South
- - Determined by stars / sun
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Geographic line opposite of Prime Meridian
180* Merdian (International Date Line)
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Most of the infrared radiation emitted by the atmosphere is...
absorbed into the Earths surface
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The inclination on the Equator w/ reference to the plane of eclipitic is...
66.5*
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Environment that includes all living things
Biosphere
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Time Zones extend ___* east and west of the central meridian
7.5
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Largest scale fraction
1:1,000,000
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Rising atmospheric pressure observed w/ a barometer usually indicates:
clear skies & fair weather
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realtionship between a map distance and the corresponding distance on the ground
scale
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a map that accurately portray the shape of places or regions of the earth
conformal
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Latitudes that experience the most cariation in day lenght
Polar
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a line drawn on a map that connects points of equal value of some property is called
isoline
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Type of scale printed on a map that remains correct even if the map in enlarged
Graphic
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Orginal purpose of Mercator projection
Ocean Navigation
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When light is absorbed by matter the temp...
Increases
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Latitude halfway between the equator & the north pole
45* N
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Sub-solar latitude during the winter solstace
23.5 (S)
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Sub-solar latitude during the spring equinox
0*
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"about 12 blocks north of balboa park and east of linberg field" is what kind of location
relative location
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32*45*(N), 116*57*(W) is what kind of location
absolute location
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Because the Coriolis Force, wind blowing east turn...
towards the equator
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because of the Coriolis force, winds blowing to the west turn...
toward the nearest pole
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WInd speed is determined by
friction in the friction in the plantary boundry force
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Antipodes
place exactly opposite from where you are on the earth
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Longitudes in the West Hemisphere are
Negative
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Longitudes in the East Hemisphere are
Positive
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
- accurate within 10 ft
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You compromise ______ when portraying a sphereical surface on a flat surface
streching
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Transfering earths surface onto a flat surface
projection
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Rhumb Line (Mercator Projection)
line of constant compass direction
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Conic Projection
- - Used for places that are wide
- - Less distorted
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Eckert Projection
- Mathetical projection
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Contour Lines
Connect places w/ same elevations
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Remote Sensing
The acquisition of info about a place or region w/o being in physical contact
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Passive Remote Sensing
Using reflected or naturally emitted energy to aquire an image
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Active Remote Sensing
Transmitting energy to the target area then receiving the energy reflected from the target surface to make an image
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Visable Light
700nm -400nm
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Electromagnetic Energy
UV & IR Light
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Solar Winds
- - Charged particles
- - Deflected by earths magentic field
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Solar Constant
amount of solar energy reaching the earth
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The earth radiated electromagnetic enegry in ______ and the sun radiated electromagentic engery in _____
- a. long waves
- b. short waves
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1,368 w/m2
Solar constant
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Troposhpere
- - constanly turning
- - water vapor
- - clouds
- - weather
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Stratosphere
- - up & down movement
- - low air pressure
- - ozone
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Gases in atmosphere
- - Nitrogen
- - Oxygen
- - Argon
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________ measures tempreture
thermometer
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___________ measures air pressure
barometer
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_____________ measures wind speed
anemometer
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_________ measures humity
sling psychometer
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High air pressure
good weather
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Low air pressure
bad weather
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Inversion
temp drop when its supposed to raise
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Air Polution
- - Carbon monoxide
- - Nitrogen
- - Volatile organic compounds
- - Sulfur
- - Water vapor
- - Carbon Dioxide
- - Methane
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Greenhouse Gases
- - Water vapor
- - Carbon Dioxide
- - Methane
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Greenhouse gases ____________
- - trap heat
- - increase surface temp
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32 F, 0C, 273K
water freezes
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212F, 100C, 373K
water boils
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-459F, -273C.0K
absolute zero
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(F + 40)5/9 - 40
fahernheight to celcuis
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(C + 40)9/5-40
Celcuis to farhenheigt
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Temperature
the mesaurement of the adverage kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance
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Heat
the measurement of total energy of a susbtance produced by the motins of its molecules and the movement of that energy from one place to another
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Convection
- heat moved by air
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Conduction
- - motion of heat
- - molecular transfer of heat
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Advection
- air blown by wind
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Radiation
- - sunlight
- - heat caused by electromagnetic engery
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Isolation
- low air temps cuz b4 the sun comes up
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Light can be.....
- - Diffused: spreadout
- - Absorbed: dark colors
- - Reflected: Light colors
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Sensible Heat
Heat that can be measured
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Latent Heat
heat in phase of change
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Greenhouse gases ______ convection
blocks
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atmosphere ______ convection
promotes
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Specific Heat Capacity
the amount of heat required to raise the temp of a certian quantity of a substance
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Land has____
- - low specific heat
- - heats rapidly, cools rapidly
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Water ___
- - high specific heat
- - heats slowly, cools slowly
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I.T.C.Z
- International Convergence Zone
- - where winds from east and west meet
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Winds blow _____ in the S. Hemi
counterclockwise
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Winds blow ____ in the N. Hemi
clockwise
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Omega
amount of wind moving up and down
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Control of wind velocity
- - pressure gradient force
- - Coriolis force
- - Friction force
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Corolis Force
- - depends on realtive speed
- - depends on distance
- - greater towards poles
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Geostrophic Winds (Earth turning winds)
equilibruim between the pressure gradient and coloris force
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Surface WInds
PG + CF + Friction
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Albedo
reflective quality of surface
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