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The Carlise Indian School
became the model institution for later schools. "outing system"
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American exceptionalism
stressed that the US was different from western European Nations; yet they pushed indians off their land
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Colonel John M. Chicington
Sand Creek Massacre; killed men, women and children AFTER they surrendered
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Manifest Destiny
belief that it was the god given right to expand west
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Chief Joseph
Nez Perce' leader. Said "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever." surrenedered to save his people, they were only 50 miles from freedom
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The Ghost Dance
Form of indian resistance, they believed that it would stop westward expansion and they would get their land back. It scared the white man.
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Geronimo
his warriors attacked ranches for ammunition and horses. When caught he negotiated a settlement, later became famous.
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Cornstock Lode
rich silver ore; maybe biggest in history
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Nicodemas, Kansas
all black community in response to urges to keep the west all white
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Buffalo Soldiers
black soldiers that served in the west. Native Americans thought their hair resembled that of a buffalo
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Joseph Smith
prophet & founder of church; believed in polygamy; eventually killed by IL mob
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Polygamy
Having more than one wife
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Nativism
bias against other ethic groups
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Joseph F. Glidden
pattened and invented barbed wire
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John "Bet-a-Million" Gates
Gambler and promoter of barbed wire. Drove longhorns proving merit of the wire < how he made his fortune.
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share croppers
planters divided their plantations into segments that freedmen rented, paying with a share of each years crops
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Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens; author and humorist, "The Gilded Age"
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Samuel F. B. Morse
developed the telegraph
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vertical integration
a system in which a single person or corporation controls all processes of an industry from start to finished product
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John D. Rockefeller
Titan of the oil industry; controlled 9/10 of oil refinery
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J.P. Morgan
outstanding finance capitalist, business mergers also gained control of the railroads and then moved to steel production
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social darwinism
- wealth = power
- based on Darwin's Theory
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The Gospel of Wealth
the idea that wealth accumulated from earthly success should be used for good works. Andrew Carnegie promoted this view in 1889 essay in which he maintained that the wealthy should sereve as a steward & act in the best intrests of society as a whole
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Who first used the saying "survival of the fittest"?
Herbert Spencer
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Laissez-farie
the government should not interfere in business or the economy
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Herbert Spencer
helped develop the theory of social darwinism Applying Darwin's theory to humans
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Spoils System
an arrangement in which party leaders rewarded party loyalists with government jobs
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sufferage
the right to vote
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Ida B. Wells
launched an antilynching movement (punishment of presumed crimes or offences usually by death)
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Crusade For Justice
Ida B. Wells autobiography
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Temperance Movement
the reform movement to end drunkenness by urging people to abstain from the consumption of alcohol. this movement achieved it's greatest political victory with the passage of a constitutional amendment in 1919 that prohibited manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol.
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
lamented the word male in the 14th ammendment (voting rights). A founder of the National Womens Sufferage Association (NWSA)
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Pogroms
An organized and often officially encouraged massacre of an ethnic minority; usually used in refference to attacks on Jews
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Plutocracy
a society ruled by the richest members
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Anarchist
a person who rebels against established order and authority
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The Knights Labor
- the first mass organization of America's working class
- secret society
- discouraged company spies
- protected members from reprisals
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Samuel Gompers
- cigar maker
- promoted pure and simple unionism
- embraced class struggle
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
founded and organized by Gompers, coordinated activities of craft unions throughout the US
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Francis Willard
- 2 passions were temperance and suffrage
- head of women's christian temperance union
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Populist Movement
- built on the work of the farmers Alliance to mount a critique of industrial society and a call for action. Far from being backward-looking romantics they articulated a rational and sophisticated
- program that called on the gov. to mediate the interests of business and agriculture
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socialism
the state owns and operates the largest and most important parts of the economy
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The Homestead Lockout
Frick locked the workers (were on strike at the time) out of the mill. Hugh O'Donnell vowed to prevent strike breakers from entering the plant. Fight broke out. Victory for the workers.
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Eugene V Debs
led the American Railway Union; Debs hesitated to commit to Pullman Strike. To cripple the boycott, 2 Chicago Judges prohibited Debs from speaking in public; he refused to honor the injunction and was thrown in jail. he went in to jail an unions and 6 months later was a socialist
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Coxey's Army
unemployed Americans marched to Washington DC to urge congress to enact a public works program to end unemployment
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Boxers
- "Righteous Harmonious Fist"
- spread terror throughout China
- wanted to eliminate the foreigners
- killed 30,00 chinese convers, preists, nuns, missionaries, and families
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Guerrilla War
Fighting carried out by an irregular military fource (greater material resources)
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Secretary of State John Hays
said that the Spanish-American war was, "a splended little war"
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Theodore Roosevelt
Favored the war in Cuba, said it was more than Cuban Independance. Wanted to take control. became VERY famous!
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Rough Riders
Ivy league polo players and cowboys Roosevelt knew.
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Andrew Carnegie
owned Homestead Steel Mill, retired to scottland, worked his way to the top by supporting the union, ut then locked them out in the "Homestead Lockout"
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