-
goals of nursing care of children
promote, maintain, and restore the health child and family
-
family is ____- in a childs life inclusion of them is _____ for family centered care
-
how are children different
- Physically
- Emotionally
- Cognitively
-
nursing care should be based on child's _________
developmental level
-
stages of development
Neonate
Infant
Toddler
Preschool
School Age
Preadolescence
Adolescence
- Neonate Birth – 28 days
- Infant 1month – 12 mos
- Toddler 12 mos – 3 yrs
- Preschool 3 yrs – 6 yrs
- School Age 6 yrs– 10 yrs
- Preadolescence 10 – 12 yrs
- Adolescence 13 – 20 yrs
-
Moral development
Acceptance of the values and rules of
society in such a way that shapes behavior
Sequential series of levels and behaviors
But DO NOT always go from one stage
to another
lawrence kohlberg
-
Cognitive acts which the mind organizes
and adapts to its environment
Schema, schemata, assimilation,
accommodation
jean piaget
-
Psychosocial tasks that are accomplished
through the life cycle
erik erikson
-
How can nurses maximize client/family
nurse contact?
- Initial assessment determines NEED
- for immediate care
- -Stabilization
- -Comfort
- Assessment of their psychosocial /
- developmental level
- -Proper interventions based on your
- physical findings, vs’s, nutrition, skills, play and safety
- Allow the child to feel comfortable with
- the nurse
Communicate through the use of objects
- Allow the child the express fears and
- concerns
- Speak clearly and in a quiet, unhurried
- voice
Offer choices when possible
Be honest with the child
Set limits with the child as appropriate
-
what do children require more of when doing procedures or obtaining labs
- Children require more specific
- explanations and directions in an age appropriate format
-
client needs to be ______ if a CC or culture is needed
toilet trained
-
where can blood specimen be obtained for children
- Hand
- ac
- heel
- femoral
- jugular,
- (feet, scalp)
-
chlora prep cannot be used on
infants
-
ns flush with additives is contraindicated in _____ because ______
-
what does a lumbar puncture for children test for
- Usually to test for meningitis
- (bacterial)
*client in fetal position, held still
-
signs of seperation anxiety for the hospitalized infant or toddler
- Protest – verbal /physical attacks,
- crying, searching for parent
Despair – withdrawn, depressed
Detachment- uncommon
- Fearof Injury and Pain
- --Affected by previous experiences, sep from parents and preparation forexperience
- Loss of Control
- --Change in routine, rituals…..regression
-
should a nurse accept regressive behavior from children
YES
-
the hospitalized preschooler will have what type of seperation anxiety
- A Less obvious and serious anxiety
- But does worsen w/ stress
-
an infants height increases ______-
3/4 each month
-
infants weight ____ by 3 months and ______ 6 months
-
Anterior fontanel (N=soft, flat) is
closed by ____
Posterior “” closes by end of _____
-
Nutrition (Breast or bottle)
Human is preferred form of nutrients x ___ mos
Human or fortified x ____ year
Birth Iron stores depleted by ______
-
how should solid foods be given and when
Solid foods by 5-6 mos…one at a time to id allergens(over 4-5 days)
-
sequence of nutrition:
- Rice cereal
- Fruits and veggies (yellow then green)
- Meats
- Eggs
-
avoid solid foods such as _______ because of choking hazard
- Nuts
- raisins
- popcorn
- hot dogs
- grapes
-
honey hould not be given ______ because ______
<2 years bc of botulism
-
Skills 2-3mos
smiles
turns head to side
cries
follows objects
holds head in midline
-
Skills 4-5 months
grasps objects
switches object from hands
rolls over for 1st time
enjoys social interaction
begins to show memory
aware of unfamiliar surroundings
-
Skills 6-7 months
- creeps
- sits w/ support
- imitates
- exhibits fear of strangers
- holds arms out
- frequent mood swings
- waves bye-bye
-
Skills 8 – 9 months
- sits steadily unsupported
- crawls
- may stand while holding on
- begins to stand without help
-
when should a child see a dentist
when the first teeth erupt
-
is lordosis normal in an infant
yes
-
when should a limited number of foods be offered to toddlers
at any one time
-
a toddler has a vocabulary of ____ at age 2
300
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