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The small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerve travel into the bones.
Haversian Canals
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The bone forming cell that is found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone is?
Osteocyte
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Cells that help in the creation of new bones during growth and bone repair is?
Osteoblast
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The bone cells that absorb and remove excess bone are?
Osteoclast
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The structures through which blood vessels enter and exit the bone shaft are called?
Perforating Canals
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The loss of blood vessels from a body part is called?
Devascularisation
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The hollow shaft found in long bones is called?
Diaphysis
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The five important purposes of the skeleton are?
- 1. Provide the body with its structure
- 2. Protect vital organs
- 3. Allow for movement despite gravity
- 4. Store salts and other materials needed for metabolism
- 5. Production of RBC
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The end of a long bone including the growth plate and the supporting joint structures is called?
Epiphysis
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The term cancellous refers to?
Having a latticework structure, such as in the spongy tissue of the bone.
-
The surface of a bone that moves against another bone?
Articular surface
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The growth place where bone is generated during childhood is called?
Epiphyseal Plate
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The cavity inside the bone that holds the marrow is?
Medullary canal
-
The tissue that stores fat in semiliquid form within the internal cavities of bone?
Yellow bone marrow
-
The tissue within the internal cavity of a bone responsible for manufacturing RBC and other blood cells?
Red Bone Marrow
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The tough exterior covering of a bone?
Periosteum
-
The connective tissue providing the articular surfaces of the skeletal system is?
Cartilage
-
A bone that forms in a tendon is called a?
Sesamoid bone
-
Area where adjacent bones articulate?
Joint
-
A joint that does not allow for movement is?
Synarthrosis
-
A joint that allows a limited amount of independant movement is?
Amphiarthrosis
-
The type of joint that permits the greatest degree of independent motion is?
Diarthrosis or synovial joint
-
Diarthroses are divided into three types of joints. They are?
- 1. Monaxial joints - Hinge joints such as the knee, elbow, and fingers
- 2. Biaxial Joints - Condyloid, or gliding, joints that provide movement in two directions such as carpal bones in the wrist and the joint between the clavical and sternum.
- 3. Triaxial joints - Ball and socket such as hip and shoulder.
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The bending motion that reduces the angle between articulating elements is?
Flexion
-
The bending motion that increases the angle between articulating elements is?
Extension
-
The movement of a body part toward the body is?
Adduction
-
The movement of a body part away from the body is?
Abduction
-
The turning along the axis of a bone or joint is called?
rotation
-
The movement through the arc of a circle where the distal end moves but the shaft does not is?
Circumduction
-
Bands of connective tissue that hold bones together are known as?
Ligaments
-
The ligaments that surround a joint are called?
A joint capsule
-
The purpose of synovial fluid is to?
Lubricate synovial joints.
-
The sacs of synovial fluid that cushion adjancent structures are known as?
Bursa
-
The bones of the head, thorax, and spine are known as the?
Axial skeleton
-
The bones of the extremities, shoulder girdle, and pelvis are known as the?
Appendicular skeleton
-
The two symetrical structures that comprise the pelvis are the?
Innominates
-
Prior to birth the skeletal structure is primarily?
Cartilage
-
A small bundle of muscle fibers is called?
Fasciculus
-
The point where a muscle attached to a bone but does not move is known as an?
Origin
-
The point where a muscle attaches to a bone that move when the muscle contracts is an?
Insertion
-
The muscle type found in the bronchioles, blood vessels, and digestive tract are called?
Smooth muscle
-
The type of muscle that is voluntary and comprised 40-50% of body weight is?
Skeletal muscle
-
The act of cardiac muscle contracting rhythmically on it own is known as?
Automaticity
-
The act of cardiac muscle emitting an electrical impulse is called?
Excitability
-
The act of cardiac muscle passing an electrical impulse along to other myocardial cells is called?
Conductivity
-
The pairing of muscles that permits extension and flexion of limbs is called?
Opposition
-
Specialized bands of tissue that are parts of the muscle forming attachment to bones at the insertion and in some cases the origin are called.
Tendons`
-
In addition to movement, the muscle tissue is also responsible for the production of?
Heat energy.
-
The by-products of the energy of motion are?
Heat, H2O, and CO2
-
The state of slight contraction that gives muscles firmness and keeps them ready to contract is called?
Muscle tone
-
The connective tissue that covers the most superior aspect of the cranium is the?
Galea Aponeurotica
-
The layers of skin that protect the scalp are?
Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurotica, Layer of subaponeuortica, Periosteum
-
The vaultlike portion of the skull encasing the brain is called the?
Cranium
-
The pseudojoints that join the bones of the skull are called?
Sutures
-
The pressure exerted on the brain by blood and CSF is called
Intracranial Pressure
-
The medium by which nutrients and waste products diffuse into and out of the brain tissue is the?
Cerebrospinal Fluid
-
The cranial nerve likely to be compressed with increased ICP is the?
III - Occulomotor, causing pupillary disturbance most likely on the same side as the problem
-
The portion of the brain that is responsible for certain metabolic activities such as temperature regulation is the?
Hypothalamus
-
The switching station between the brain and the pons is the?
Thalamus - Also an important factor in the Reticular Activating System
-
The system of nervous tissues that help the body maintain consciousness is the?
Reticular Activating System
-
The tissue that is responsible for communication between the cerebellum, the cerebrum, the midbrain, and the spinal cord is the?
Pons
-
The process that controls blood flow to the brain tissue by causing alterations in B/P?
Autoregulation
-
The ascending reticular activating system is responsible for?
The sleep - wake cycle.
-
The cheekbone is also known as the?
Zygoma
-
The bone of the upper jaw is the?
Maxilla
-
The jawbone is known as the?
Mandible
-
The cranial nerves responsible for facial pain is the
V - Trigeminal
-
The cranial nerve responsible for facial expression is the
VII - Facial nerve
-
The cranial nerve responsible for swallowing and tongue movement is the?
XII - Hypoglossal
-
The cranial nerve responsible for saliva production and taste is the?
IX - Glossopharyngeal
-
Hollow spaces in the bones of the cranium that lighten the head, protect the eyes and nasal cavity, and produce the resonant tones of voice are called?
Sinuses
-
The outer visible part of the ear is the?
Pinna
-
The three rings of the inner ear that sense the motion of the head and provide positional sense are called?
Semicircular canals
-
The clear watery fluid filling the postierior portion of the eye
Vitreous humor
-
The tissue in the eye that senses light and color is the ?
Retina
-
The clear fluid filling the anterior portion of the eye is the ?
Aqueous humor
-
The pigmented, muscular, portion of the eye that contracts the pupil is the?
Iris
-
The white of the eye is called?
Sclera
-
The mucous membrane that lines the eye lids is called?
Conjuntiva
-
The liquid that lubricates the eye is called?
Lacrimal fluid
-
The cranial nerve responsible for pupil dilation and movement of the eyes together is the?
III - Occulomotor
-
The cranial nerve responsible for moving the eye down and in is the?
IV - Trochlear
-
The cranial nerve responsible for eye abduction (outward gaze) is the?
VI - Abducens
-
The normal adult has how many teeth?
32
-
What is the lymphatic system?
A network of vessels that draing fluid, called lymph, from the body tissues. Lymph nodes help filter impurities en route to the subclavian vein and then onto the heart.
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