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What is nutrition?
The science of food, the nutrients, and the substances therein; their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease; and the pricess by which the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excretes food.
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What two areas are nutrients divided into?
Macro/micro nutrients
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What are the functional categories of nutrients?
- 1) provide energy
- 2) promote growrh and development
- 3) regulate body processes
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What provides energy?
- -most carbs
- -proteins
- -most lipids (fats/oils)
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What promotes growth and development?
- -proteins
- -lipids
- -some vitamins/minerals
- -water
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What regulates body processes?
- -proteins
- -some lipids
- -some vitamins/minerals
- -Water
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Carbs are composed of what elements?
C,H,O
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Complex carbs are?
Polysaccharides in food and glycogen in our bodies.
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Functions of carbs?
- -Energy generation
- -regulate blood glucose
- -break down fatty acids
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What is sugar?
Readily usable form of carbs.
-sucrose, simple carbs
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What is starch?
Storage form of carbs in foods.
-complex carbs
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What are lipids? (fats)
Compounds that are insoluable in water, BUT soluable in organic solvents.
-ex: ether, benzene
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What r lipids comprised of?
C, H and O.
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What r triglycerides?
Major form of fat on food and major form of energy source and storage in our bodies.
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What are the 4 types of fatty acids?
- 1) saturated
- 2) unsaturated
- 3) trans
- 4) essential
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What is protein composed of?
C, H, O and N.
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What r the functions of proteins?
Enzymes, muscles, cell signaling, blood and transport, provide energy
-4 cal/gm
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How many amino acids are there?
20. Different combinations make different proteins.
- -9 amino acids are essential.
- -1 aa is essential for infants
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Vitamins are divided into what two groups?
Water soluable and fat soluable.
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What vitamins are water soluble?
- -Vitamins C and B complex
- -more easily excreted from the body
- -easily destroyed by cooking
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What vitamins are fat soluble?
- -vitamins A, D, E and K.
- -more easily stored in the body.
- -greater risk for toxicity.
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Are minerals organic/inorganic compounds?
Inorganic
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Minerals are divided into what two mineral groups?
1) major
2) trace
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What are the major minerals?
Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus
-required on grain amounts
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What are the trace minerals?
Iron, zinc, copper and selenium
-Required less than 100 mg/day
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Is water a macro/micro nutrient?
Macro
-required in largest quantity
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What are the sources of water?
Beverages, foods and metabolism.
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Phytochemicals are?
Plant
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What are photo and zoo chemicals?
Physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits but are not essential nutrients.
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What is fiber?
A complex carb. That forms the structure of plants.
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What are the main two types of carbs?
-simple
-complex
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What makes up the 6 nutrients?
- Carbs
- Lipids
- Protein
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
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What r the functions of lipids?
Provides 9 kal/g
Energy storage
Hormone synthesis
Membrane constituents
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What r the fuel values for carbs, fats, protein and alcohol?
4, 9, 4, 7. Cal/g
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