Micro Midterm 1

The enzyme that opens up the DNA helix for protein synthesis

A sequence of 3 DNA nycleotides that code for 1 amino acid

DNA nucleotide sequence that codes for one polypeptide

The term that describes the conversion of codes of nucleotides into the language of amino acids and their sequences for protein production

New proteins are instructed how to unfold properly by old protein molecules called

The process of shutting down DNA production of protein that usually cause by too much end product

A bacterial chromosome is contained in a structure called a

small circular DNA in bacteria that operate independently of the main DNA which is also responsible for bacterial mutations

synthesized protein that leaves the ER in vesicles coated by the ER's membrance called

name of the enzyme that opens up the DNA for DNA replication

genes that are constantly turned on are referred to as

name of the structures produced by rRNA

a term referring to a substance being chemically altered during its transport across a prokaryotes membrane (specific to bacteria)

the parts of the DNA that are expressed as products are called

nucleosomes are composed of 8 circular proteins called

a double carbon nitrogen base on a nucleotide is called a

the area on the DNA that contains the genes that code for the protein plus the control region that starts and stops the protein production

term for microbs that get introduced into a culture medium

bonds that hook amino acids together are called ______ bonds

an organelle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes for recycling old parts and digestion of bacteria

term for reactions that creates more energy than they consume

the basic unit or smallest sugar molecule is a ______

the principal energy molecule of all cells is_____

type of reaction when a molecule picks up an electron during the reaction

when a virus enters a bacteria and manipulates its DNA the bacteria becomes______

what kind of reaction makes larger molecules from maller ones in a living thing

bacteria with thick multi-layered peptidoglycan cell walls

organelle that cell respiration occurs in

rod shaped bacteria are referred to as ______

term that describes rupturing of a cell

term for proteins being unfolded and rendered in effective

the first step in cellular respiriation is called ______

the protein portion of an respiration is called _____

the addition of phosphorus to a compound is called

the non protein portion of the enzyme required for its activiation

the protein portion of the enzyme together with its non protein portion called ______

-they can increase in number with exercise
-they are capable of producing lactic acid
-the DNA they contain is only transferred from the mothers mitochondrial DNA

Making of larger molecules to smaller ones include

Breaking of larger molecules to smaller ones include

method of moving molecules through a cell membrane requires the most energy

name of the molecule that is meant to bind on the active site of an enzyme

variations of a bacteria strain as determined by its H antigens are called

coccus refers to bacteria as being

complex sugars that lack sweetness

a sugar coated material that makes bacteria sticky

the degree to which a bacteria is able to cause disease is referred to as bacteria's ________

the same elemental atom with different numbers of neutrons is called _______

term for a method used by cells to envolope a liquid

in the process of osmosis high concentrations of sodium on the outside of the cell will have

Nucleic acid examples are

they make proteins of use outside of the cell
they are attached to the ER
they are made inside the nucleus

it is a single stranded structure
it directs the synthesis of proteins
it interpets teh code of the DNA

horizontal gene transfer by bacteria that requires the bacteria to lyse and release its DNA into the surrounding environment

which RNA molecules are responsible for picking up amino acids for protein systhesis

4 phases of bacteria growth, which phase are bacteria multiplying the least

all living organisms require _______ compounds to sustain life

a ______ molecule is a polar molecule

an atom that has gained an electron is _____ and has a ______ charge

removal of an electron from an atom or molecule

the site where a non-competative inhibitor would bind to an enzyme

fluid portion only inside the cell is called the ______