Exam 1 Zoology

The study of amphibians and reptiles

The study of the funtions and their parts

The interaction of organisms with their enviroment

The study of the subcellualar detail of structure and function

The study of the developement of an animal from fertilized egg to birth or hatching

The study of the structure of entire organisms and their parts

The study of the mechanism of the transmission of traits from parents to offsprings

The study of structure and function of cells

The study of tissues

The study of animals that live in/on a host

The study of classifcation of and there evolutionary...

The study of insects

The study of fishes

The study of birds

The study of protazoa

molecular bond in which electrons are shared / strongest type of bond

electrons that have been "stolen" now opposite charges attract

smallest unit of an element that ahas all the properties of that element

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

An atom that has ost or gained an electron an now has a charge

negatively charged, subatomic particle

subatomic particle with no charge

weakest type of bond between atoms

sugars and straches

fats and oils, sterols

muscles and other tussues, enzymes

energy transfer, genetic information

simple sugars are short chains of carbon

chains may form rings

rings are connected to from disaccharides or polysaccharides : starch is a plant polysaccharide for enegry storage / glycogen is the animal polysaccharide stored in our liver

________ have about 4.5 Calories of energy per gram

___________ are mostly long chains of carbon with hydrogen attached to the carbons

More than one chain may be attached to a foundation molecule

Several rings are attached in sterols

___________ are efficient energy storage b/c 1 gram contains 9 Cal. of energy

Nonpolar so insoluble in water

composed of chains of amino acids

Level of structure of a protein that has a chain of AA connected end to end

Level of structure of a protein that has chains coil or fold, held in place by H bonds

Level of structure of a protein that has helices and sheets arrange into main 3-d structure , held in place by H bonds and some covalent S-S bonds

2 or more 3 subunits form a functional enzyme or stucture held together with H bondss

special proteins that catalyze reactions that normally would happen very slowely

information storage system of organisms / code for making proteins / DNA & RNA / ATP

What fish was introduced 1950's to improve fishing productivity

What fish ate/outcompleted the native fish that caused near extinctions?

What are the smallest independent unit of life

All ________ are composed of cells

A protein helps molecules moving with the concentration gradient cross the membrane, does not require energy

diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane

Movement of material out of a cell through a vesicle

movement of material into a cell in which the plasma membrane encloses the material by forming a vesicle

cellular energy used to move move molecules across a membrane against the concnetration gradient

carrier proteins in a plasma membrane temporarily bind with molecules and help them pass across the membrane

essentailly protein free plasma more across capillary walls due to a pressure gradient across the wall

organelles function a system, modify, package and distribute newly formed proteins and lipids

houses organelles, serves as fluid medium for metabolifc reaction

site of protein synthesis

storage and internal transport

sorts, packages, and routes cells synthesized products

digest materials

converts energy into a form the cells can use (powerhouse)

assists in cell movement, provides support site for binding of specfic enzymes

move small particles past fixed cells and are major form of locomotion in some cells

produces and controls the spindle fibers mitotic division

storageg site of food and other compounds, pumps water out of the cell

pack at nuclues pores, pick up molecules synthezise in the nucleus and deliver their load to various places with in the cell

all chromosome are lined up at the spondle equator
chromosomes are maximally condensed

sister chromatidsd of each chromosomes are pulled apart
once seperated, each chromatid is a chromosomes

Chromosomes decondense
two nucleae membranes from, one around each set of unduplicated chromosome

Period of nuclear division
two daughter nuclei
Usaully followed by cytoplasmic dividsion

Germ cells undergo _________ and _________ division

Chromosomes number for Gametes are _________ (n)

Chromosomes number for Germs cells are _______ (2n)

each duplicated chromosome paors with homologue
homologues swap segment
Each chromosome becomes attached to spindle

Chromosomes are pushed and pulled into the middle of cell
The spindle is fully formed

Homologous chromosome segreated
The sister chromatids remain attached to each other

The Cromosomes arrive at oppise poles
Usually follwed by cytoplasmic division

Mictrotubules attach at the centromere of the duplicated chromosomes

Duplicated chromosomes line up at the spindle equator, midway between the poles

Sister chromatids separate to become independent chromosomes

The chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell
a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
four haploid cell result

Level of organization in order of increasing complexity

Why was a new species of fish introduced?

Why did alegae get out of control in the lakes?

How did the introduction of the newe fish result in deforestation?

what is the complementary DNA bases for CTAG

what are the he complementary RNA bases CTAG

1st ammo acid sequence

2nd ammo acid sequence

3rd ammo acid sequence

4th ammo acid sequence

5th ammo acid sequence

6th ammo acid sequence

7th ammo acid sequence

8th ammo acid sequence