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Respiratory System ppt 1-10
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External respiration/ Breathing
Movement of air in and out of the respiratory system
Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood
Internal respiration
Transport of gases between the lungs and tissues by the blood
internal respiration
Cellular respiration
use of oxygen by cells to generate ATP
Conducting portion
Air is moved thru without gas exchange
=anatomical dead space
From nasal passage to the terminal bronchioles
Upper respiratory system
=filters, warms and humidifies incoming air
respiratory portion-gas exchange
alveoli(pulmonary)
-when alveoli are damaged and can not exchange gases
=physiological dead space
Brochioles have smooth muscle
Provide the major source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory system
Brochiolar constriction -
caused by parasympatheic stimulation
--> Acetylcholine, or immune cells
--> Histamine
Brochiolar dialtion
caused by
Sympathetic stimulation
-->Norepinephrine, or adrenal medulla stimulation
-->E + NE release (neurohormones)
alveolar sacs
=region of gas exchange
-(150million/lung) each is surrounded by capillaries
-gas diffusion occurs across single layer of alveolar epithelial cells
-fused basement membrane of alveoli + capillary, single layer of endothelial cells
Septal cells
produce surfactant
-reduced surface tension of alveolar fluid
-keep alveoli expanded and prevent collapse
alveolar macrophages
phagocytize particles that reach the alveoli (PM<2.5 Microns)
Pleura
Serous membrane made by two layers separated by pleural fluid
-parietal pleura
-visceral pleura
parietal pleura
covers inner surface of thoracic wall
visceral pleural
covers the outer surface of the lung
intrapleural pressure
pressure on the fluid between the two layers of pleura
-plays a role in expansion and compression of the alveolar walls, air pressure in the lungs and air movement in and out of lungs
Defense mechanism
Goblet cells in the epithelium
Mucous glands in the lamina propria produce sticky mucous
-increased by exposure to contaminants in air
Cilia in the nasal cavity sweep the mucous down to the pharynx; Cillia in URT sweep mucous up to the pharynx
=muco-ciliary escalator
Inhalation
-atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg) > alveolar pressure (759mmHg aka -1mm Hg)
-(-1 mm Hg is adequate for quiet breathing, deep rapid inhalation requires
: -20 to -30 mm Hg difference)
Exhalation
alveolar pressure > atmospheric pressure
Creation of pressure difference for inhalation
requires inspiratory skeletal muscle contration.
increases the size of the thoracic cavity --> decreased alveolar pressure
Author
Anonymous
ID
10247
Card Set
Respiratory System ppt 1-10
Description
esp for Defination
Updated
2010-03-13T16:01:32Z
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