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Pneumonia caused by a Diplocci is?
strep Pneumonia
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Pneumonia by a coccoid shaped gram negative bacteria that causes meningitis in kids?
H. Influanzea
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Cause of Pneumonia in Elderly?
Moraxella Cattarhalis
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Bacteria causing exacerbation of COPD?
Moraxella Catarrhalis
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Secondary pneumonia following a viral infection is caused by?
S. aureus
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Nocosomial Pneumonia or in an IV drug abuser?
staph aureus
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Pneumonia in chronic alcohol?
Klebsiella
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Atypical pneumonia presents how?
interstitial without consolidation
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Atypical (interstitial)pneumonia is caused by what organisms?
- Viruses
- C. pneumonia
- M. Pneumonia
- Legionella
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Reye syndrome results in what?
How
- hepatoencephalopathy
- Aspirin inhibits beta oxidation, cirhosis of liver, low albumin, low oncotic pressure, cerebral edema
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Elevated cold agglutinins are found in what pneumonia?
atypical
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Atypical pneumonia can lead to typical pneumonia how?
secondary bacterial infection
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Lung abscess usually occur where in the lung?
right lower lobe because of aspiration
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Causes for lung abscess?
- aspiration
- obstruction
- s. aureus
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What is miliary TB
dissemination of Tb to meningees, spleen, bone
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Tb in lumbar vertebrae?
Pott disease
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TO be diagnosed with COPD how long must the copious cough last?
at least 3 months for 2 consecutive years
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Which obstructive disease gives blue bloaters?
chronic bronchitis
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Pink puffers are who?
Emphysema
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Reid index measures what?
thickness of mucus glands to thickness from epithelium to cartilage. the bigger the ratio the more severe chronic bronchitis
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Hypertrophy of bronchial mucus glands occurs in what condition?
Chronic Bronchitis
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What are complication of chronic Bronchitis?
- infections
- Cor pulmonale
- carcinoma
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Which emphysema type is associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Panacinar
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Which emphysema type is associated with smoking?
Centroacinar
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Which type of emphysema is associated with chronic bronchitis?
Centriacinar
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Paraseptal emphysema is involved with enlargement of what part of the acinus?
distal part-adjecent to fibrosis, atelectasis
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What is asthma?
episodic bronchospasm
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2 types of asthma?
- extrinsic--type I hypersensitivity--allergic
- intrinsic--idiopathic
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What is Curshmann's spiral?
epithelial cells enclosed by mucus
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What structural changes are see in the bronchioles in asthma?
- hypertrophic mucus-goblet cells
- thickened basement membrane
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Bronchiestasis?
Cause?
- Alveolar dilation
- Cause:
- Ostruction
- Cystic fibrosis, kartageners leading to necrotizing pneumonia and permanent dilation of the alveoli
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Causes for hypoplasia?
- Oligohydramnios
- Renal Problems
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WHat is a bronchogenic cyst?
abnormal detached primitive gut
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Congenital Pulmonary artery Malformation 1 has large or small cysts?
CPAM2?
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which atelectasis is irriversible?
contraction(scarring)
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Which emphysema can lead to a spontaneous pneumothorax when the bullae ruptures?
Septal emphysema
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Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis results from what?
repeated cycles of injury and wound healing with collagen in the interstitial space leading to increased diffusing distance
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Honeycomb fibrosis is seen in what lung disease?
restirictive---Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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What is pneumoconicosis?
inhalation of mineral dust--silicosis, asbestosis, berrileym, coal
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Which lung diseases can progress to Cor pulmonale?
all lung diseases
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Eggshell calcification of hilar lymph nodes is seen in which restrictive pneumoconiscosis?
Silicosis
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Coal and silicosis pneumoconicosis affect which part of the lungs?
upper lobes
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What is Caplan Syndrome?
Coal Miners Pneumoconicosis + rheumatoid Nodules
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Which Pneumoconicosis increases susceptibility to TB?
How?
- Silicosis
- silica prevents the fusion of the phagolysosome
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Dystrophic Calcification of hilar lymph nodes in Silicosis is called?
eggshell
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WHat 3 conditions have night sweats?
- Tb,
- Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Takayasu arteritis
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What 3 conditions produce cavitaiton of lungs?
aspergillosis, tb, silicosis
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WHich 2 pneumoconicosis increase risk for carcinoma?
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What are the 4 disease that asbestosis can produce?
- plaques
- fibrosis, pleural effusion
- bronchogenic
- mesothelioma
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What are the features of Sarcoidosis?
- Gammaglobulinemia
- RA
- ACE high
- Interstitial fibrosis
- Non-caseating granulomas--lung, liver, spleen,
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High TNF levels, non caseating granulomas and bihilar lymphadenopathy are features of ?
Sarcoidosis
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Marker of disease activity for sarcoidosis?
TNF
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Shaumann and Asteroid bodies are characteristic of what?
Sarcoidosis
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
immune mediated interstitial fibrosis mediated by inhalation of organic antigens: bacterial, fungal spores
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Dust contating spores of thermophillic actinomyces produces what?
Farmer's lung--hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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Pigeon's breeder lung
antigens from bird exreta are inhaled producing intersticia fibrosis due to hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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All hypersensitiity pneumonitis produce what characteristic morphological tissue pattern of cells and structures?
- granuloma--Hypersensitivity Type IV
- Lymphocytes--TH1
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ARDS is caused by what?
diffuse damage to the alveolar and capillary epithelium
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What is seen on microscopy in ARDS?
- Interstial inflammation
- alveolar and interstitial edema
- hyaline membrane lining the alveolus
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What is the treatment for ARDS?
postitive end expiratory pressure
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Why does a cessarian section decrease surfactant production?
bc no stress= no surfactant
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