Chapter 1 Terms.txt

• Those in Group IA except Hydrogen
• Lithium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Rubidium
• Cesium
• Francium

• Those in Group IIA
• Beryllium
• Magnesium
• Calcium
• Strontium
• Barium
• Radium

Analytical chemistry involves finding which elements or compounds are present in a sample or how much of each is present.

Biochemistry deals with the chemistry of living things.

A chemical change is a change in the composition or structure of a substance. Also called a chemical reaction.

A chemical property is the characteristic way a substance can react to produce other substances.

Chemistry is the study of the interaction of matter and energy and the changes that matter undergoes.

Elements in group 1B (11). Copper, gold, silver.

A compound is s a chemical combination of elements that has its own set of properties.

The given ratio by mass of each element in a compound to any other element in the compound. All parts of the compound are the same. Like water is 88.8% oxygen and 11.2% hydrogen by mass.

Dissolve means to go into solution making a homogenous mixture.

Ductile means can be drawn into wire.

Elements are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down chemically into simpler, stable substances.

Energy is the capacity to do work.

A characteristic that depends on the quantity of the sample

A family is also known as a group of chemicals that have similar chemical properties, which change gradually from each one to the one below it in the periodic table of elements.

A combination of symbols and subscripts that identifies the composition of an element, compound or ion.

A family or group of chemicals listed vertically in the periodic table. The chemicals have similar chemical properties, which change gradually from each one to the one below it.

• Halogens are elements in group VIIA. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts".
• Fluorine
• Chlorine
• Bromine
• Iodine
• Astatine

Two or more different types of matter can be seen to be present with the naked eye or a good optical microscope.

Homogenous mixtures are also called solutions, look alike throughout, even under a microscope.

A hypothesis is a statement that attempts to explain why a law is true.

There are two inner transition series. They fit into the periodic table in periods 6 and 7, right after lanthanum and actinium. The first series is called the lanthanide series after lanthanum and the second series is called the actinide series after actinium, the elements that precede them. None of the actinide elements have been found in nature. They are all artificial. All of the elements in the actinide series are radio active.

Inorganic chemistry deals with all the elements and with the compounds that are not defined as organic.

A characteristic such as a color that does not depend on the quantity of the material present.

A law is when a large group of scientific observations is generalized into a single statement.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another.

The law of conservation of mass states that in any chemical reaction or physical change, the total mass present after the change is equal to the total mass present before the change.

The big block on either end.

Malleable means the material can be pounded into thin sheets.

Mass is how much matter is in an object.

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Metals are to the left of the stepped line in the periodic table or a mixture of those elements. Most metals conduct electricity, have a metallic luster, are generally malleable and are ductile.

Elements near the dividing line between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table that have properties metals and nonmetals.

A mixture is a physical combination of substances that has an arbitrary composition and properties characteristic of its components.

• The noble gases are elements in the periodic group 0.
• Helium
• Neon
• Argon
• Krypton
• Xenon
• Radon

Nonmetals are to the right of the dividing line except for Hydrogen. Nonmetals are generally brittle.

Organic chemistry deals mostly with the compounds of carbon.

A period is all elements in any horizontal row of the periodic table. There are 7 periods.

An assemblage of elements in order of atomic number, with elements having similar chemical properties aligned in vertical columns.

Physical changes do no alter the chemical composition of a substance.

Physical chemistry deals with the properties, especially quantitative (measurable) properties of substances.

Properties are the characteristics by which we can identify something.

Quantitative properties are those that can be measured. For example, the melting point and boiling point.

• 1. State the problem clearly.
• 2. Do further experiments. Many scientists test the generality with experiments, repeating each other�s work and doing other experiments related to those.
• 3. Interpret the results. See if the generality explains all the results, new and old.
• 4. Accept the law. If all the data support the law, it is generally accepted by the scientific community as true. If later, further experiments are in conflict with the law, it is modified or abandoned altogether.

A solution is a homogenous mixture that looks alike throughout, even under a microscope.

Each chemical is identified by an internationally recognized symbol consisting of one or two letters. The first letter is always capitalized and the second is always lower case.

A theory is a generally accepted hypothesis.

Transition elements are the 4 rows of elements in the middle of the periodic table.