Biochemistry Mini1Part1

• Vitamin C def
• lack of hydroxylation of proline and lysine
• no hydroxy pro/lysine no collegen

• lysine - terminal NH2 with hydroxylation
• pro - middle carbon with terminal nitrogen ring with hydroxylation

• toxin/poision that destroys RNA poly function
• poly II gets it worst
• Poly III medium
• Poly I most resistant

Makes rRNA

makes mRNA

makes tRNA

• N-Glycosidase
• removes adenine purine from sugar backbone at 28s (part of 60s) rRNA
• stops the function of rRNA and thus cell function

60s = 28s 5.8s 5s

• maternally inhereted diabetes and defness
• mitochondrial tRNA disease
• unfunctioning tRNA(leu)
• Cardiomyopathy and diabetes

• blindness and diabetes
• lack of a tRNA(leu)

• MIDD and MELAS (MITO ATP decrease)
• diabetes and deafness
• decrease leucine (important complex 1 building block)
• decrease ATP production

• TATA and CAT
• binding site for transcription factors

• binding site for activators
• can be up or downstream but is usually far away

• activator upregulate transcription factor powers
• transcription factors recruit polymerase and all that stuff

• locus control region
• controls general transcription of genes through opening of euchromatins by removal of H1 linker and histones

• attachment sight of post-translational modification proteins
• splizasomes
• Rat exonuclease
• polyadenalytion

• untranslated region
• included in final mRNA product before and after ATG/poly A tail

acceptor GU ----intron---- AG donar

• poly A tail + 5' cap region
• linked by poly A binding protein (PBP)

• eElongation factor, used to tRNA transfer of amino acids
• eInitiation factor, used for initiation of translation by binding to complex
• eEF depurination = ricin poisioning
• eEF 2 riboxylation = diptheria
• eIF phosphorylation = polio virus growth stragegy

• formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
• function of 28s ribosome

• prokaryotic and eukaryotic peptide transferase inhibitor
• antibiotic and cancer drugs respectivly

• Ferritin and transferrin translation regulatior
• aconitase binding to mRNA upregulate transferrin
• Iron binding aconitase releases it from mRNA and upregulate Ferritin

without DNA erythrocytes regulate globin (of heme-globin) translation by phosphorylation of eIF2 reducing the translation rate

• Poli virus stop native translation of protein by cleaving eIF4G which attaches the 40S subunit to mRNA 5'cap.
• Viral proteins has a IRES (internal ribosome entry site) which allows binding of the translation complex independent of 5' cap proteins

• DNA mutation from thymine that produces reguar pairing but
• tautermization induces permiscious pairing

liver p450 enzyme catalyzed mutation of aflatoxin and gunine compound

fixes depurination and deamination (with help from glycosylase to turn it into a depurination) by removing the depurinated sugar base

• for UV damaged dimerized DNA
• excession of long strand containing the dimerized bases

• lack of excession repair
• excessive UV damage can't be repired
• skin cancer

• lack transcriptional coupled repair system
• accelerated aging
• mental retardating and senality

• Hereditary none polypsis colon cancer
• autosomal domaint - only one is affected but somatic cell mutation on the single working gene will turn cell into mutator
• Thus fast replicating cells are highly suseptable
• post-replication mismatch pair repair defect

• rapid aging, ImDef, dilation of small blood vessels (telagiectasia), ataxia (bad movement control)
• no double strand break repair system