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infection
invasion of human body tissue by microorganisms which multiply and produce a reaction
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hand hygiene
act of washing one's hands with soap and water or alcohol soultion
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PPE
specialized clothing or equipment worn
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standard precautions
method of using appropriate barriers to prevent trasmission of infectious organisms from contact with blood and all body fluids
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asepsis
absence of microorganisms that cause disease
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aseptic tech.
any activity or procedure that prevents infection or breaks the chain of infection
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asepsis (medical)
procedures performed to reduce the number of microorganisms to minimize their spread
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asepsis (surgical)
procedures performed to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms, and/or to prevent the introduction of microorgansms to an area
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conductivty (of water)
a measurement of the ablility of wate to carry an electrical current
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ohm
a unit of measurement that expresses te amountof resistance to the flow of an electric current
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deionization
the process by which ions with an electrical charge are removed from water
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reverse osmosis
the diffusion (flowing) of water through a semi-permeable membrane to eliminate impurities that it contains
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silicate
a mineral commonly found in water that is derived from silca found in quartz and other components
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chloride
a compound commonly found in water that is created when chlorine is combined with another element or radical
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tubidity
occurs when water contains sediments or solids that, when stirred, make the water appear cloudy
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tap water
water that has been treated and is acceptable for drinking
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microns
unit of measurement; 1/1,000 or a millimeter or 1/25,000
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cation resin tank
a tank into which untreated hard water flows, and in which sodium ions are exchanged for calcium and magnesium ions to produce soft water
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basic attire worn by central service techs
- a facility-issued scrub uniform
- hair covering that covers head and facial hair except eyebrows and eyelashes
- shoes with non-skid soles
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attire for decontamination area
- gloves
- fluid resistant covering with sleeves
- full face protection
- shoe covers
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...adopted the use of universal precautions as a major component of its blood borne pathogens
OSHA
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decontaminaton room
- 60-65 F
- 30-60% humidity
- 10 air exhanges per hr
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prep and pack
- 68-73 F
- 30-60% humidity
- 10 air exchanges per hr
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clean/sterile storage
- 75 F - or lower
- less than 70% humidity
- 4 air exchanges per hour
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what to wear in decontamination
surgical scrubs and PPE
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clean/sterile attire
surgical scrubs and hair covering
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OR attire
surgical scrubs, hair covering, masks may be required
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Non-restricted attire
street clothes
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biohazard
may be contaminated, ppe is required
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semi-restricted
- peripheral support areas to the OR, central service (clean and sterile storage), access corridors to OR
- surgical scrubs and hair coverings
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restricted
- area where sterile procedures are performed
- surgical scrubs, hair coverings, and masks required
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unrestricted
- normal traffic areas
- street clothes
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work area cleanliness
- floors wet mopped cleaned daily
- work tables cleaned daily
- light fixtures at least every 6 months
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2 types of aseptic tech.
- medical asepsis (clean tech)-reduce number of microorganisms ex: hand washing and decon equip
- surgical asepsis (sterile tech)-eliminate the presence of microorganisms
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5 principles of asepsis
- know what is dirty
- knowwhat is clean
- know what is sterile
- keep the 3 conditions
- remedy contamination immediately
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water from any source typically contains
- minerals
- dissolved solids
- particles
- gases
- oranic and non-organic chemicals
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water used as a final rinse in any cleaning process should be....
purified to reduce the eliments found in water
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factors that impact water
- conductvity
- total dissolved solids
- acidity or alkalinity
- chlorides
- other particales
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todays technology provides water that is...
resistant to a min of 300,000 ohms
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total dissolved solids include..
- iron
- silicates
- calcium
- magnesium
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hard water...(dissolved stains)
stains (water spot), bluish or rainbow-color and powdery stins result in dissolved stains
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bluish or rainbow stains are caused by...
iron and silicates in the water
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powdery stains or chalky build-ups on surfaces of cleaning machines result from...
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silicates are natural minerals found in....
- soil and therefore found in water.
- silicate level of tap water is usually 400 parts per million (ppm) or more
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it is important to conduct daily tests for a few weeks to assure the silicate level is consistently at...
100 ppm or less
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purified water should have a pH level of...
6.5-7.5
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chlorides are aways found in...
- treated water
- most tap water has a chloride concentration of 400 ppm or more the goal: 100 ppm or less.
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the size of filters to be used is also important... the filter size is measured in..
- microns
- water purification usually involves a pre-and post-filter
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granular activated charcoal (GAC) is used to....
- remove chlorides in water
- ex: fresh water fish aquariums
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an acceptable amount of chlorides in the final water is ...
100 ppm or less
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softeners are used to remove ...
- the calcium and magnesium in the water
- word "softened" describes the result of the process
- process involves use of cation resin tank
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distillation removes...
- dissolved sollids
- gasses
- organics
- along with particles, bacteria, pyrogens, and endotoxins
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deionization systems are used for heating/cooling therapy units, and for...
the final rinse water in anual and automated cleaning processes
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deionization process does remove....
- dissolved solids and gases
- provides for little or no removal of organics, particles, bacteria, pyrogens, and endotoxins, this is why filters must be part of the system
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reverse osmosis systems require the water to be treated by (in sequence) pre-filter, softener, GAC, and another filter
..... n/a
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reverse osmosis can remove a large percentage of...
- dissolved solids and organics
- capable of removing all particles, bacteria, pyrogens, and endotoxins
- removes LITTLE if any gases
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diff types of chemicals used in cleaning process include:
- enzymatic products
- detergents
- descalers
- pre-soaks
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enzyme products contain protease enzyymes that are especially useful in removing...
proteins such as dried on blood and tissue
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enzymatic solutions should not exceed....
- temperatures of 140 degrees F
- because the enzymes become inactive
- multi-enzymatic products contain protease, lipase, and amylase
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detergents do not....
kill microorganisms, however, germicidal detergents do have this capability
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descalers
are not typically required if the water quality and soap/detergent mixtures are correct and if equipment is operating properly
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manual cleanes
main funciton is to remove soil, not kill microorganisms
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manufacturer's labels and MSDS materias always indicate that ...
city, county, and state laws concerning disposal should be followed
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brushes used for cleaning made of..
nylon bristles
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brushing should be done under water by ...
following the grain to prevent the formation of aerosols
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wash cloths are made of
- textiles
- some have lint and others are low-or-lint free
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sponges can be used to ...
- clean basins
- containers
- trays
- they should be replaced daily to assure they will not become a source of contamintion
- their structure makes them impossible to completely clean and sterilize
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each year, approximately_____pts develop healthcare-associated infection
2 million
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to protect themselves from splashes and spills, central service technicians assigned to the decontaminationarea should wear:
fluid-resistant gowns
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the main theory of standard precautions is that:
pts may pose a risk of infection whether they have been diagnoed with an infectious disease or not
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requirements of OSHA bloodborne pathogen standard
- provide hep B vaccine to employees at no cost
- observe standard precautions
- use engineering controls to prevent biohazard exposures
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absence of microorganisms that cause disease is called:
asepsis
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what color should biohazard labels/signs be
red/orange
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traffic control/dress code requirements applies to the OR
restricted
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which of the following is a system used to treat the final rinse water used for cleaning?
deionazation
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blush or rainbow-type stains are caused by ____ in water
iron and silicates
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ideal level of silicates in water used for cleaning is ____ ppm or less
100
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which of the following can be removed from water when a revese osmosis process is used??
- bacteria
- pyrogens
- endotoxins
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kills microorganisms
germicidal detergents
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main purpose of manual cleaners is to
remove soil
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