Psychology Ch.6

Defined in psychology is more than listening to teachers, honing skateboard jumps, or mastering the use of an ipod. From the behaviorist persoective, learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from practice or experience.

Is a simple form of associative learning that enables organisms to anticipate events.

An enviromental cindition that elicits a response.

A stimulus that elicits a response from an organisms prior to conditioning.

An unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus.

An unlearned response in which an organism attends to a stimulus.

A previously neutrol stimulas that elicits a conditioned response because it has been paired repeatedly with a stimulus that already e;eicited that response.

In classical conditioning , a learned response to a conditioned stimulas.

An experimental procedure in which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer ocur.

The recurrence of an extinguished response as a function of the passage of time.

In conditioning, the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned.

In conditioning, the tendency for an organism to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not forecast an unconditioned stimulus.

A previously neutral stimulus (for example, hearing the word stove or seeing the adult who had done the tickling enter the room) comes to serve as a learned or conditioned stimulus after being paired repeatedly with a stimulus that has already became a learned or conditioned stimulus (for example, seeing the stove or hearing the phrase "kitchie-coo").

A fear-reduction technique in which pleasant stimuli are associated with fear-evoking stimuli so that fear-evoking stimuli lose their aversive qualities.

A behavioral fear-reduction technique based on principles of classical conditioning. Fear-evoking stimuli (CSs) are presented continuously in the absence of actual harm so that fear responses (CRs) are extinguished.

A behavior fear-reduction technique in which a hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli is presented while the person remains relaxed.

To fallow a response with stimulus that increases the frequency of the response.

Voluntary responses that are reinforced.

A simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behavior because it is reinforced.

A rienforcer that when presented increases the frequency of an operant.

A rienforver that when removed increases the frequency of an operant.

An unlearned reinforcer.

A stimulus that gains rienforcement value through associated with established rienforcers.

Another term for a secondary reinforcer.

A pleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of the behavior it fallows.

An unpleasant stimulus that suppresses the behavior it fallows.

Removal of an organism from a situation in which reinforcement is available when unwanted behavior is shown.

In operant conditioning, a stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available.

A scheduale of rienforcement in which every correct response is rienforced.

One of several rienforcement schedules in which not every correct response is reinforced.

A scheduale on which a fixed amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available.

A scheduale in which a variable amount of time must elapse between the previous and subseqiuent times that reinforcement is available.

A scheduale in which reinforcement is provided after a variable number of correct responses.

A schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses.

A procedure for teaching complex behaviors that at first reinforces approximations of the target behavior.

Behaviors that are progressivley closer to a target behavior.

Hidden or concealed.

The view that learning occurs when stimuli provide information about the likelihood of the occurrence of other stimuli.

the acquisition of knowledge and skills through the observation of others ( who are called models) rather than by means of direct experience.

An organism that engages in a response that is then imitated by another organism.