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What are the 4 catergories of the peripheral nerves?
- * Somatic sensory
- * Somatic motor
- * Visceral (automatic) sensory
- * Visceral (automatic) motor
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What functions do the frontal areas of the Cerebrum control?
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What are the effects when the collateral ganglia is stimulated?
- Reduction in blood flow to abdominal organs
- Decreased digestive activity
- Relaxation of smooth muscles in the wall of the urinary bladder
- Release of glucose stores from the liver
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What is the anterior medial fissure?
Deep crease along the ventral surface of the spinal cord that divides the cord into right and left halves
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What are the 2 nicotinic receptors called?
NicotinicN (neuron) : found in autonomic ganglia; parasymphathetic & sympathetic systems
NicotinicM (muscles): found at the neuromuscular juntion, initiate muscular contraction; somatic nervous system
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What is the mesencephalon?
- aka., midbrain
- Located b/t the diencephalon and the pons
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What is the mesencephalon responsible for?
motor coordination & eye movement
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What is the Gray Matte of the spinal cord?
Areas in the CNS dominated by nerve cell bodies; the central portion of the spinal cord
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What are the effects when the sympathatic chain ganglia in stimulated?
- ^BP
- Stimulation of secretion by sweat glands
- Constriction of blood vessels in the skin
- ^ in blood flow to skeletal muscles
- ^HR
- ^ force of cardiac contraction
- Bronchodilation
- Stimulation of energy production
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What is the somatic sensory nerve?
Afferent nerves that transmit sensations such as touch, pressure, pain, temperature & position
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What is a neuron?
- Nerve cell
- Fundamental component of nervous system
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What bones make up the cranium?
- frontal
- occipital
- parietal
- temporal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
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What are some of the 'key' locations to recognize for assessment for dermatomes?
- C3 : collar region
- C7 : little finger
- T4 : nipple line
- T10 : umbilicus
- S1 : small toe
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What is the space outside the dura mater called?
Epidural space
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What are the effects of the apha1 receptors?
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
- Mild bronchoconstriction
- Stimulation of metabolism
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What is the temporal lobe of the cerebrum responsible for?
Speech
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What are the '2' types of the sympathetic ganglia?
- Sympathetic chain ganglia
- Collateral ganglia
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Sensory is located in
The parietal lobes of the cerebrum
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The 12th cranial nerve which is responsible for voluntary movement of the tongue is:
The hypoglossal
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The two vascular components and locations that provide blood flow to the brain are:
- Carotid (anterior)
- Vertebrobaisilar (posterior)
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The sympathetic nervous system is mediated by the (blank) neurotransmitters
epinephrine and norepinephrine
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The diencephalon is mostly responsible for :
- temperature regulation
- sleep
- water balance
- stress response
- emotions
- plays a major role in autonomic nervous system
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The junction of two neurons is called a:
Synapse
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When acetylcholine is broken down by acetycholinesterase the resulting chemicals are:
Acetic Acid and Choline
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Dopaminergic receptors cause what type of response?
dilate renal, coronary, and cerebral arteries
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What part of the nervous system controls voluntary functions?
The Somatic nervous system
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Material that surrounds gray matter in the spinal cord; made up largely of axons
White matter
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The cranial nerve that is responsible for the tongue and facial expression is?
7- Facial nerve
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What is a neuron?
A nerve cell
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Groups of autonomic nerve cells located outside the CNS
Autonomic ganglia
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Shallow longitude groove along the dorsal surface of the spinal cord
posterior medial sulcus
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The third and fourth cranial nerves (Occulomoter) and (Trochlear) are responsible for what?
movement of the eye
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The cranial nerve that allows a person to look up and down is:
6-Abducens
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The neurotransmitter used by the somatic nervous system is?
Acetlycoline
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Motor is located:
In the frontal lobes of the cerebrum
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The cranial nerve that is responsible for the ability to swallow is:
9-Glossopharynegeal
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31 pairs of nerves that originate along the spinal cord from anterior and posterior nerve roots
Spinal nerves
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The cerebrum governs?
- All sensory and motor actions
- It is also considered the seat of intellegence, learning, analysis, memory and language
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The __________ is the outermost layer of the cerebrum
The cerebral cortex
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Balance and coordination is located:
In the cerebellum
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The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system are:
- Decreased HR
- Constriction of the bronchioles and pupils
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The parasympathetic nervous system is mediated by the neurotransmitter ______?
Acetylcholine
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The cranial nerve that is responsible for smell is?
1- Olfactory
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These receptors inhibit release of norepinephrine:
Alpha 2
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Sympathetic nervous system actions may include :
- Increased HR
- Dilated bronchioles
- dilated pupils
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The cranial nerve responsible for vision is?
2 - Optic
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The four types of adrenergic receptors are?
- Alpha 1
- Alpha 2
- Beta 1
- Beta 2
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The thalamus, hypothalamus,pituitary gland and the limbic system are located in the:
Diencephalon, aka the inner brain
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Muscle and tissue of the body innervated by a spinal cord nerve root
Myotome
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Personality is located in the
Frontal lobes of cerebrum
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The cranial nerve that is responsible for facial pain is?
5 - Trigeminal
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What response does the Beta 2 receptor cause
- Increased HR
- Increased contractial force
- Increased automaticity and conductivity
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Often refferd to as the "fight or flight" system prepares the body for stressful situations
Sympathetic nervous system
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Areas in the CNS dominated by nerve cell bodies; central portion of the spinal cord
Gray matter
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Bundles of axons along the spinal cord that transmit signals from the body to the brain
Ascending tracts
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What are examples of neurotransmitters
- Acetycholine
- Norepinephrine
- dopamine
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The space between the dura mater and arachnoid space is called:
The subdural space
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Beta 2 receptors cause what type of response?
- Vasodilation
- Bronchodilation
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Nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to the target tissues
postganglionic nerves
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Speech control is found in what part of the brain?
The temporal lobe of the cerebrum
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These adrenergic receptors cause peripheral vasocontriction, bronchoconstriction and stimulation of metabolism:
Alpha 1
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Topographical region of the body surface innervated by one nerve root:
Dermatone
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The part of the nervous system that extends throughout the body and is comprised of cranial and peripheral nerves:
The peripheral nervous system
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The 11th cranial nerve that is responsible for the neck muscles is the:
Accessory Nerve
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The purpose of the Mesencephalon (mid brain) is:
To control certain aspects of motor coordiantion. Play major role in eye movement
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The brain and the spinal column are bathed in?
Cerebrospinal fluid
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The carotid and vertebrobasilar both join at:
The circle of Willis
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The 8th cranial nerve (aucostic) is responsible for?
Hearing, sense, and balance
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