pharmacology

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CNS
- Brain- receives and processes sensory information; initiates responses;stores memories;generates thoughts and emotions
- Spinal Cord- conducts signals to and from brain; controls reflex activities
PNS
- transmits signals between CNS and rest of the body
- Motor Neurons and Sensory Neurons are under PNS
Motor Neurons
- Under the PNS
- carry signals from the CNS that control activities of muscles and glands
- Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous Systems fall under Motor Neurons
Somatic Nervous system

voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous system
- involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands, and smooth muscle
- Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division are under Autonomic
Sympathetic Division
- Fight of Flight-accelerator
- involuntary
- Adrenergic Receptors- Alpha and Beta
Parasympathetic Division
- Rest and Digest- non-stressful
- involuntary
- Cholinergic Receptors
Sympathetic Actions
- heart rt and BP ingrease to increase oxygen to blood supply
- blood shunted to skeletal muscles for movement
- Liver produces glucose for energy
- bronchi dilate to allow more air
- pupils dilate for better vision
Parasympathetic Actions
- digestive processes promoted
- heart rate slows and BP decreases
- bronchial constriction (need less air)
- assists with bowel and bladder emptying
- focuses eyes for near vision
Adrenergic Receptors
- Alpha and Beta
- Alpha 1- (heart) raise BP to improve circulation
- Alpha 2- (lungs) lower vasoconstriction; lower BP; postganglionic symp. nerve endings
- Beta 1- (heart) raise heart rate and BP
- Beta 2- (lungs) bronchodilation; raise blood flow to skeletal muscle; slows uterine muscle contractions; raises blood glucose
Selective

activates only 1 type of receptor
Non-selective

activates all receptors
Dose dependence

activates only 1 receptor at low dose, but other receptors at higher doses
Sympathetic Receptor
- Adrenergic Receptors
- Alphas and Betas
- Dopaminergic (inhibitory)-vessels dilate and blood flow increases=improved circulation [only dopamine can activate this receptor]
Cholinergic Receptors
- Muscarinic receptors(parasympathetic)-located on target tissue affected by postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic nervous system. ACTION: stimulate smooth muscle and gland secretion; in heart-decreased heart rate and force of contraction.
- Nicotinic(sympathetic and parasympathetic)-located at ganglionic synapse in both symp. and parasymp. ACTION-stimulate smooth muscle and gland secretion
Acetylcholine
- Ach-excitatory
- released by Cholinergic nerves-nerves that release Acetycholine (Ach)

Author

charissa

102174

Card Set

pharmacology

Description

test II

Updated

2011-09-17T05:27:00Z

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