-
What is blood composed of?
- -cellular elements and plasma or liquids
- -primarily made of water (91.5%)
-
About how much blood is in the average 70kg adult?
5000 ml (5 lieters)
-
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells that are bioconcave discs made up of hemoglobin
-
What is hemoglobin?
A protein that contains 4 "Heme" groups that include 1 iron atom in the center
-
About how many erythrocytes are in a cc of blood?
4.5-6 million RBCs per cc of blodd
-
How long do erythorcytes usually "live"? What destroys them and where?
- 120 days
- Destroyed by macrophages in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
-
What are leukocytes and about how many are in a cc of blood?
- White Blood Cells
- 5,000-10,000 per cc of blood
-
What are the main functions of leukocytes?
- Fighting infections
- Helping the immune responses
- Body defense
-
How many types of Granular Leukocytes are there?
Three
-
What are Neutrophils?
- Granular leukocytes
- Vesicles containing chemicals that kill backteria
- 60-70%
- 3 lobes
-
What are eosinophils?
- Granular leukocytes
- Increase in number when tehre are allercing reactions and parasitic worm infections
- 1-4%
- 2 lobes
-
What are basophils?
- Granular leukocytes
- Granules contain heparin and histamine
- Less than 1%
- Irregular nucleus
-
What are Lymphocytes? Where are they produced? What do they produce?
- Agranular leukocytes
- Produced in the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus gland
- Produce antibodies and antimicrobial chemiclas
- Have a round nuclei
- 20-25%
-
What are Monocytes? What can they become?
- Have a single horseshoe shaped neucleus
- Can leave circulation, move into tissues and become macrophages
-
What are macrophages?
- Destroy RBCs
- Capable of specific or non specific immune functions
-
What are Platelets (Thrombocytes)? How many in a cc of blood?
- WBC fragments essential for blood clotting process (homeostasis)
- 150,000-300,000 per cc of blood
-
What is glucose?
- Main energy sorce/fuel for the body and ATP production
- (ATP used for cardiac muscle relaxation)
-
What are amino acids?
Building blocks of proteins
-
What are Lipids?
- Fats and fatty acids
- Source of energy
- Hellp make cell walls
-
What is choloesterol used for?
- Used to make hormones such as: Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone, Thyroxin, Epinephrine and Cortisol
- Also an increased risk factor for CAD
-
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
Waste product created from protein metabolism
-
What is uric acid?
Urea-waste product cleared by kidneys
-
What is creatine produced by?
The break down of muscle tissue
-
What are electrolytes?
- Also called salts
- When dissolved in water tehy become ions such as Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-
- Used by body and expelled when we don't need them
-
How much oxygen is attched to hemoglobin and how much is disolved into plasma?
- 97% attached to hemoglobin
- 3% dissolved in plasma
-
About 40-45% of blood is made up of what?
Cells
-
About 5-60% of blood is made up of what?
Plasma
-
What is viscosity?
- Thickness
- The resistance of blood to flowing-results from intermolecular forces
- The viscosity of blood varies significantly with hematocrrit/percentage of RBCs in the blood
-
What is anemia?
- Less RBCs
- Less viscosity
- Blood flow raises easier
-
What is Polycythemia Vera?
A disease that results in the overporduction of RBCs that in turn causes blood to thincken, and resist flowing. Excessive transfusion with blood, or Iron overdose can result in similar thickening of the blood.
|
|
