Respiratory system

The process of exchanginggases between the atmosphere and the lungs

Breathing

breathing in

breathing out

nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

Repirsatory organs outside the thorax. responsible for humidifying, warming incoming air. secreating mucus that traps forgein and controlling infection

respiratory organs inside thorax

opening into the nose throught which air passes intot hte nose

divides nasal cavity into two. sides of the nasal cavity divided into conchae and meatuses.

common passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems (passage for air and food)

located between the pharynx and the trachea. contains vocal cords: true vocal cords for speech and flase cords for preventing the entrance of food into the larynx during swallowing.

3 single epigltic, thyroid(corresponding to the adam's apple) and cricoid.

arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

opening between the vocal cords

wind pipe -located below larynx. surrounded by c shaped rings of hyaline cartilege to prevent the collapes of trachea during swallowing. the trachea divides to form the bronchial tree.

primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, brochiole, terminal bronchial, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli. As these tubes get smaller the cartilege rings change to pads and eventually disappears

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. As the tubes get smaller, they are replaced by cubodial and eventually to simple squamous

Large right lung (3 lobes) left lung (2 lobes)

functional unit of the lungs. this is where exchange of gases take place

made up of two thickness of simple squamous epithelium:simple squamous that lines the alveolus and the onethickness that lines the blood capillaries, both connected by the basement membrane

air moves in and out of the lungs as a result of atmospheric pressure. air moves fro m regions of hight pressure to regions of low pressure

the volume of a gas is inversley/indirectly proportional to its pressure ( as volume increases, pressure decreases)

in a mixture of gases, the partial pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the portion of the indivdual gas in the mixture (in a mixture of gases, like air, the total pressure if the sum of the indivdual partial pressure of the gases in the mixture)

is a mixture of gases: oxygen 21%, carbon dioxide: 0.04%, Nitrogen: 78% other gases less than 1%

diaphragm muscles contract, volume increase, pressure decrease, external intercostal muscles contracts, rib cage moves up and out. Air moves into the lungs

diaphragm muscles relax, volume decrease, pressure increase, internal intercostal muscles contract and rib cage down and in. AIr moves out of the lungs. Air is moved out mostly as a result of elastic recoil of lung tissue

amount of air that is moved into and out of the lungs dunrig normal quiet breathing

amount of air that is moved into the lungs during forced inspiration in addition to tidal volume

amount of air that remains in the lungs at all time

amount of air that is moved out of the lungs during forced expiration in additiion to tidal volume

the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. VC= TV+ ERV+ IRV

the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. TLC= VC+ RV

air movement not used for respiration: sneezing, laughing, yawning, hiccup, coughing, speech, crying

• amount of air that is moved into the lungs in one minute (TV * BR)
• TV= 500ml BR= breathing rate (12 breaths per minute)

the amount of air that actually reaches the alveoli. (TV-150)*BR

the amount of air that remains in the airways and don't reach the alevoli