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reacants
The are the left hand side of a chemcial equation
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products
they are on the right hand side of a chemical equation
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the law of conservation of matter
it is one of the most fundamental laws of nature, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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Stoichiometry
the study of quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants and the products in a chemical reaction
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Stoichiometric coefficients
the numbers placed in front of each species to balance a chemical equation
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aqueous solution
Reactions that occur in water
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solvent vs solutes
solvent - in any solution, the component present in greater amounts - usually much greater amounts.
solutes - minor components of the solution
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concentration
a measure of the relative quantities of solute and solvent in a solution
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solubility
the ability of a compound to dissolve in the solution. It can be expressed in terms of the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature
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electrolyte
a substance that ionizes or dissociates in water to produce an aqueous solution that conducts electricity
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nonelectrolyte
substances whose solution do not conduct electricity
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Strong electrolytes
they dissociate completely, so that only individual ions are present in the solution, with virtually no intact molecules
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weak electrolytes
dissociate only partially; their solutions contain both intact molecules and individual ions in measurable quantities
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dissociation reaction
chemical reaction in which an ionic solid dissovles in water and dissociates into its constituent (being apart of a whole) ions
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molecular equation
Chemical equation in which all substances are shown as molecular formulas
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total ionic equation
a chemical equation in which all ions and molecules present in solution, including spectator ions, are shown
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spectator ions
ions that are present in a solution but do not actively participate in a checmial reaction
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net ionic equation
a chemical equation in which those ions and molecules actually involved in the reaction are shown, but any spectator ions are omitted
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acid
any substance that dissolves in water to produce H+ (or H30+) ions
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base
any substance that dissolves in water to produce OH- ions
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Neutralization
a checmical reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce water and salt
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precipitation reaction
chemical reaction in which an insoluble solid (called the precipitate) is formed by the reaction of two ore more solutions
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molar mass
the average mass of one mole of any element or compound
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a stoichiometric ratio relating the number of moles of one reactant or product in a chemical reaction to the number of moles of some other reactant or product in the same reaction. Obtained from a balanced chemical equation
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molarity or molar concentration
unit of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
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elemental analysis
experimental measurement of the mass percentage of each element in a compound
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green chemistry
the philosophy that chemical process and products should be designed with the goal of reducting their environmental impacts
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