Harrison Lesson 2

• Separatists who wanted to separate from the Church of England
• Arrived in America with a royal charter
• To ensure orderly government, 41 men signed the Mayflower Compact (NOT a constitution)

• Pledged to "combine ourselves together into a civil body politick"
• Making decisions based on the will of the people established an important precedent for self government in the British colonies

• John Winthrop sermon
• Led a fleet across the Atlantic with Puritans who would found the Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Expresses the belief the Puritans wanted to create a perfect society based on Christian Values
• "We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us."
• Connects to the Puritans idea of a perfect world (exceptionalism)

The Puritans' idea of a perfect world

• Were Calvinists (believed in Pre-Destination) a) people are sinful. b) A few people the "elect" will be saved
• Were Protestants a)limited church membership to "visible saints" b) believed in hard work (idle hands) c)Rejected the elaborate rituals of the Anglican Church (Church of England)

• many were devout
• often migrated as families
• lived in compact villages clustered around a meetinghouse
• discussed local issues
• Patriarchal (ruled by men)
• valued education as a means to read and understand the Bible
• Had a close relationship between church and state

• In their society, religion was the society. If you didn't go to church, you were an outcast.
• It set a standard for work and attitude

• conformity- try to fit in
• dissent- different for the heck of it
• toleration-let people do what they want
• Convinced they were doing God's work, the Puritans emphasized conformity
• Did NOT tolerate dissent

• Argued for a separation of Church and state a) "Forced worship stinks in God's nostrils" b) Called for freedom from coercion (being forced to do something) in matters of faith
• Banished from Massachusetts
• Fled to Rhode Island where he founded a colony based on religious freedom

• Advocated unorthodox religious views that challenged Puritan leaders
• Claimed to have direct revalations from God
• Questioned the established religious doctrines and the role of women in Puritan society
• Banished to Rhode Island

• The Puritans could not stamp out religious dissent
• Religious intolerationn in Massachusetts promoted religious toleration in Rhode Island

• The first generation of Puritans were pious, zealous, adherants dedicated to building a society based on a strict moral code
• As they became more prosperous, the original mission became less important through each generation
• Designed to respond to the decline of religious zeal in subsequent generations. a) eased the requirements for church membership by allowing the baptism of children of parents who could not prove they were the "elect"

• approx 100,000 Native Americans in New England
• In the beginning, the coastal tribes taught the Puritans how to plant corn and exchanged goods
• Smallpox epidemics decimated the Nat Am population by 80%
• Surviving leaders realised the English intended to drive them to ruin
• Cheif Metacomb (King Phillip) a) attacked settlements across Massachusetts b) Killed many colonists before being killed by English

New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey

• moderate winters
• fertile soil
• fine harbors
• longer growing seasons than New England
• Rivers made the fur trade lucrative (Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna)

• The Dutch West Indian Company
• Avoided conflict with Native Americans by not establishing large settlements
• Located inbetween English colonies
• New Amsterdam was one of the best natural harbors on the East coast
• King Charles II of England sent a fleet that took the colony without firing a shot
• Renamed in honor of James, the Duke of York

• "Penn's Woods"
• Founded by William Penn as a refuge for Quakers
• Penn's "Holy Experiment"
• Colony based on Quakers beliefs
• All people are equal
• religious toleration
• greater role for women
• friendly relations with Indians
• economically prosperous

• Religious revival starting in New England that spread to rest of colonies
• The cause was loss of Puritan values
• John Edwards is associated a) provided spark for revival b)"Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God"
• George Whitefield a) preached emotional sermons to enthrall crowds across the colonies b)converts were motivated by a fear of divine justice
• Old Light vs New Light
• Undermined the authority of establised Churches
• Split Presbytarian and Congregational Churches (SCHISM)
• Promoted religious toleration and acceptance
• Encouraged missionary work
• increased female involvement in church
• promoted work of itinerant preachers
• led to New Light colleges like Princeton, Dartmouth, Brown, Columbia, Rutgers

• A country can acquire wealth by having a favorable balance of trade
• Colonies existed to provide raw materials to the home country and to purchase finished goods from the home country
• ***Mercantilism impeded the growth of Colonial manufactoring
• exports>imports=GOOD

• Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to enforce mercantilist policies
• required all goods be shipped from the colonies to England and all goods flowing to and from the colonies be on English vessels
• were not rigorously enforced prior to 1763 (SALUTORY NEGLECT)

• Ben Franklin- Poor Richard's Almanac
• Anne Bradstreet- first published American poet
• Phillis Wheatley- first notable Afr American poet

• Married women had no legal identity
• could not vote
• can't be minister (even though women are majority of church)

• Canada
• Worked closely with Huron Tribe
• Sparsely populated
• had thriving fur trade
• coureurs de bois (runners of the woods)

• 1689-1697
• Named after King William (Glorious Rev)
• Britain VS France in North America
• War to control fur trade

• 1702-1713
• War of Spanish succession
• Britain VS France in the North
• Britain VS Spanish in the South

• 1739
• British VS Spain in North America
• Minor Conflict
• Jenkins actually kept the ear

• War of Austrian succession
• Britain VS France in the North
• Britain VS Spain in the South

• Also known as Seven Years War
• Began in America
• Expanded from the Ohio River Valley to the largets conflict the world had ever seen. Rich in furry animals = $$$$ British and French attempt to acquire it
• Britain & Prussia VS Spain, Austria, & Russia

• in Pittsburgh
• Built by French

French & Spanish

Spanish

French

Mississippi River

found Michigan's first European settlement

• areas of Canada
• Gulf of Sait Lawrence

Great Lakes, Missippi River, Gulf of Mexico

• New France
• Quebec City

First European to circumnavigate the world

• Printer/Journalist from New York who was acquitted on charges of libel in 1753
• Establishes a precedent for freedom of press

carried slaves to the New World

founded by James Oglethorpe as a colony for debtors and to serve as a burden against the Spanish

• Colonies' founders maintained control over the governorship and many of the laws directly
• ex. Maryland & Pennsylvania

• Controlled by the king, who appointed the governor
• ex. North Carolina & New Jersey

• Self governing
• ex. Rhode Island & Connecticut

home to poor farmers & indentured servants

Wealthy planters

• Virginia
• 22 representatives
• all laws could be vetoed by governor
• only land owning males could vote
• powers were limited after Virginia became a royal colony
• did NOT elect the governor

• 1637
• The Pequot Tribe fought against the English in Connecticut
• They were defeated by the English with the help of other tribes

• 1675
• The Wampanoag tribe led by Metacount fought against the British in New England
• Settlers won in 1678
• Native Americans would no longer me a major factor in New England

led British in F & I War

In the Battle of Quebec, the British overthrew the French in Montreal, leading to the French being thrown out of any kind of control in North America. All of this coming to the main answer: The American colonist wondering why they should follow British rule anymore