Audra

anything that takes up space and has weight; composed of elements

composed of chemically identical atoms

required by the body in large amounts

required by the body in small amounts

smallest particles of an element; composed of subatomic particles

carries a single positive charge

carries no electrical charge

carries a single negative charge

• -central part of atom
• -composed of protons and neutrons
• -eletrons move around the neucleus

• -number of protons in the nucleus of one atom
• -each element has a unique atomic number
• -equals the number of electrons in the atom

• -number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one atom
• -electrons do not contribute to the weight of the atom

atoms with the same atomic numbers but with different atomic weights

Example: Oxygen (O¹⁶, O¹⁷, O¹⁸)

particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combine

particle (molecule) formed when two or more atoms of different elements chemically combine

depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule

• -an atom that gain or loses electrons to become stable
• -an electrically charged atom

-a postively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons

a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons

an attraction between cation and an anion; formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom

formed when atoms share electrons

show how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules

• -molecule with a slightly negative end and a slightly positve end
• -results when electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds
• -water is important in polar molecule

a weak attration between the postive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule

occur when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ions, or molecules

the starting material of the reaction- the atoms, ions, or molecules

substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction

more complex chemical structure is formed

chemical bonds are broken to form a simpler chemical structure

chemical bonds are broken and bonds are formed

the product can change back to the reactants

substances that release ions in water

electolytes that dissociate release hydrogen ions in water

electrolytes that release ions that can combine with hydogen ions

electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base

indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

• -most abundent compound in living material
• -two-thirds of the weight of an adult human
• -major component of all body fluids
• -medium for most metabolic reactions
• -important role in transporting chemicals in the body
• -absorbs and transports heat

used by orgenelles to release energy from nutrients in order to drive cell's metabolic activities; neccessary for survival

waste product released durinf metabolic reactions; must be removed from the body

• -provide energy to cells
• -supply materials to build cell structures
• -water soluble

glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose

(can be broken down)

glycogen, cellulose

(Cannot be broken down)

• -Soluble in organic solvents; insoluble in water
• -most common- fats (triglycerides)