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Sings and symptoms
What is a Sign?
definitive evidence of an illness or disordered function.
It's the things that you can see. ex. A Rash
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Signs and Symptoms
What is a Symptom?
Subjective to evidence as preceived by the patient such as pain.
It's what the patient feels. ex. an Itch
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What do you call the terms that are used to describe the signs and symptoms?
Diagnostic terms
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The condition of being stretched or dilated beyond the normal dimensions, or the process of being dilated.
Dilatation.
Ex. Think of a woman giving birth. The common phrase is "she is dialated to a 10"
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Suffixes
-algia, -dynia
pain
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Suffixes
-ecstasia, -ectasis
dilatation (dilation, enlargement) stretching or a structure or part
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Suffixes
-emesis
To vomit, vomiting
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Suffixes
-malacia
Soft, softening
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Suffixes
-megaly
Enlargement
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Suffixes
-oid (forms adjectives and nouns)
resembling
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Suffixes
-penia
deficiency
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Suffixes
-rrhage, -rrhagia
excessive bleeding or hemorrhage
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Suffixes
-rrhea
flow or discharge
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Suffixes
-rrhexis
rupture
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Suffixes
-spasm
twitching, cramp
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Suffixes
-stasis
Stopping Controlling
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Procedure Suffixes
-gram
a record
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Procedure Suffixes
-graph
instrument used to record
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Procedure suffixes
-graphy
process of recording
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Procedure suffixes
-meter
instrument used for measure
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Procedure suffixes
-scope
instrument used for viewing
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Procedure suffixes
-scopy
visual exmination
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Term meaning Pain in the eye
Ophthalmo/dynia
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Term meaning Enlargement of the heart
Cardio/megaly
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Term meaning discharge from the ear
Oto/rrhea
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What is a suffix that means rupture?
-rrhexis
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Blephar(o) is the combining form that means eye lid.
Edema is the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissue.
what would Blepharedema mean?
Swelling of the eye lid
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Malacia means softening. Use a combinig form before -malacia to write a word that means abnormal softening of the eye.
Ophthalmomalacia
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Statis is both a term and a suffix (-stasis), they both mean the same. What do they mean?
stopping or controlling
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What does Blepharo/spasm mean?
twitching of the eye lid
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Oste(o) means bone. If something is described as osteoid, what does that mean?
it resembles bone
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Electro/cardio/graphy is the process of ?
Electro/cardio/gram is the produced.
electrocardiography is the process of recording
electrocardiogram is the record produced
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Otoscopy means an examination of the outer ear.
What is the lighted instrument used in otoscopy?
Otoscope
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What is the term that means examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope?
Opthalmoscopy
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What is the term that means a diagnostic procedure that uses an endoscope?
Endoscopy
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The introduction of a catheter is catheterization. To introduce a catheter within the body is to catheterize. what is the term for the device used in catheterization?
Catheter
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The vital signs checked for are:
- Pulse rate
- Respiration rate
- Body temperature
- and customarily included is the Blood pressure
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The rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats is called the
Pulse
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The number of breaths per minute is the
respiration rate.
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a thermo/meter is the instrument for measuring?
Temperature
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What do you call the exam that investigates the body to determine its state of health?
The Physical Exam
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What does the Physical Exam (PE) consist of?
- inspection, examiner uses the eyes to observe patient
- palpation. feels for texture, size, consistency
- percussion, taps to evalute the size borders and consistency of internal organs and amt of fluid
- ausculation, listens for sounds within the body to evaluate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines, other organs.
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ambulant describes a person who is able to
walk
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Word parts
Echo, Sono
sound
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Word parts
electro
electricity
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Word parts
fluoro
emitting or reflecting light
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uword parts
ultra-
excessive
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the substance that does not permit the passage of x-rays are described as
radiopaque
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Diagnostic imaging modaliities include:
- contrast imaging
- computed tomography (CT)
- Nuclear scans
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Sonography (ultrasonography, echography or ultrasound)
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What type of imaging uses the radiopaque materials to make internal organs visible on x-ray images?
contrast imaging
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Word parts
algesio
sensitivity to pain
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Word parts
chemo
chemical
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esthesio
feeling or sensation
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pharmaco, pharmaceuti
drugs or medicine
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suffix
-therapy
treatment
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What kind of radiology uses radiation to treat cancer?
Therapeutic
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the literal translation of onco/logy is the study of
tumors
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Antineoplastics are medications that are used to treat malignant?
neoplasms
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Cryotherapy is what kind of treatment?
one that uses heat and cold to treat with
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neuromuscular means pertaining to the
nerves and muscles
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What term describes a drug that relieves pain?
analgesic
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Suffixes
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate or remove fluid
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suffixes
-ectomy
excision (surgically remove or cut out)
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suffixes
-lysis
process of loosening, freeing, or destroying
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suffixes
-pexy
surgical fixation (fastening in a fixed position)
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suffixes
-plasty
surgical repair
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suffixes
-scope
instrument used for viewing
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suffixes
-scopy
visual examination with a lighted instrument
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suffixes
-stomy
formation of an opening
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suffixes
-tome
an instruement used for cutting
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suffixes
-tripsy
surgical crushing
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What is it called when two structures abnormally attach to each other?
Adhesions
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A medical specialty concerned with operative procedures?
Surgery
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what does the following mean?
neru/ectomy
partial or total excision of a nerve.
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This term means destruction of nerve tissue or losening of adhesions surrounding a nerve
Neurotripsy
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Opthalmoplasty is incision of the ?
eye
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What is the suffix that means an instrument used for cutting?
-tome
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what is the suffix that means a visual examination with a lighted instrument?
-scopy
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Oto/plasty is the surgical repair of the ?
ear
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what is the term that describes stitching together cuts or torn edges of tissue with silk, catgut, wire or synthetic material?
suture
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What is the suffix that means suture?
-rrhaphy
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What is the difference between absorbable and non absorbable suture material?
- Absorbable suture is digested over time by body enzymes. (catguts is one of the best examples)
- Nonabsorbable suture either is left in the body, where it becomes embedded in scar tissue, or is removed when healing is complete (silk, cotton, wire and certain synthetic materials)
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term that means to bring close together by suture or other means?
Approximate
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A small opening, either natural or artificially created?
example is the artificial anus on the abdominal wall after removal of much of the large intestine.
Stoma
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CF
Appendo, appendico
appendix
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CF
cerebro, encephalo
- brain,
- cerebro sometimes means cerebrum, the main portion of the brain
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CF
Colo, colono
colon or large intestine
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CF
Cutaneo, Derma, Dermato
skin
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CF
Tracheo
Trachea (windpipe)
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An examination of the lining of the colon with a special instrument is a colonoscopy and a coloscopy. The instrument used is a?
colonoscope or coloscope
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excision of the colon or portion of it?
colectomy
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What term means surgical repair of the eyelid?
blepharoplasty
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means plastic surgery on vessels (blood vessels)
angio/plasty
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The repair of a vessel by suture refers to?
Angio/rrhaphy
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Osteo/tomy is cutting of a bone. What is the instrument used in osteotomy?
Osteotome
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An incision made into the trachea through the neck.
You see this in movies alot when someone has something stuck in their throat and need air quickly.
tracheo/tomy
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The surgical removal of the appendix?
appendectomy
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means excision of a breast?
mastectomy
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surgical repair of the breast?
mammo/plasty
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the medical term for enlarging of the breast is?
augmentation mammoplasty
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Incision of the brain is refered to as?
- Encephalo/tomy or
- Cerebro/tomy
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ad lib.
freely as needed, at pelasure
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CT, CAT
Computed tomography
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ECG,EKG
electrocardiogram
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MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
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PET
positron emission tomography
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p.r.n .
as the occasion arises, as needed
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Gram vs graph vs graphy
what do each mean?
- Gram (a record)
- Graph (an instrument)
- Graphy(a process)
- remember you win a Grammy from a great record!
- remember a Graph is an instrument for measurement
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-rrhage vs -rrhea vs -rrhexis
- rrhage (excessive bleeding)
- rrhea (discharge)
- rrhexis (rupture)
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-tome vs -tomy
which is cutting into and which is the instrument to cut into?
- -tome (cutting instrument) also a brand of knife
- -tomy (cutting into)
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-tomy vs -stomy
- -tomy (cutting instrument) also a brand of knife
- -stomy (formation of an opening)
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incision vs excision
- incision (cut into)
- excision (cutting out)
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diagnosis vs prognosis
- diagnosis (identification of disease)
- prognosis (predicted outcome)
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sign vs sympton
- sign (objective)
- symptom (subjective)
- a sign is something you can see like a rash
- a symptom is something felt, like an itch
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