Biology Chapter 1

Posing questions about the world and getting scienc-y answers- The Scientific Study of life

A process of change in the life forms on earth, making them better adapted to their enironment

novel properties that are not present in a previous biological system, more complex

reducing complex systems to simpler components that are easier to study

Attempting to model the behavior of entire systems by studying smaller parts- helps predict outcome's

all life on earth...

grasslands, deserts, oceans, or forests- all living things in a particular area with similar environments

all the organisms in an ecosystem

all the indiviguals of a species living in one community

indivigual living things

the systems of organs/organelles that keep a plant or animsl alive

a group of cells working together to preform a certain task

life's fundamental unit-

the functional components of cells

a chemical structure represented by 2+ small chemical units

The fact that anatomy has evolved into what it is for a specific reason

the cells that form most living matter including plants and animals -subdivided by internal membranes

small cells that are simpler than eukaryotic and lacks many of the organelles- "first" cell

chromasomes carry genetic material, establish cells identity (protiens),

chemical building blocks of DNA- arranges in double helix- A, T, C, G

catalyze (speed up) specific chemical reactions

when the info in a gene directs production of a cellular product

a "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits- has two similar sets of chromasomes

the use of computers to store, organise, and analyze huge volumes of data

• most common form of regulation in the body- getting closer to the end product slows the formation of the product
• ex: your water bottle is getting full (negative feedback), so you slow or stop the water filling it

• getting closer to the end product speeds up the production
• ex: giving positive re-enforcement (positive feedback) gets results faster

• Bacteria- most diverse and widespread
• Archaea- living in earth's extreme environments
• Eukarya- organisms with eukaryotic cells (forming living matter)

• Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, and Protist
• distinguished by their models of nutrition

single celled eukaryotes- most neumorous and diverse "living thing"

• -contemporary species arose from a sucession of ancestors
• - decent with modification- natural selection

a way of knowing- an aproach to understanding the natural world, developed out of our curiosity about everything

• seearch for information and explanation often focusing on specific questions
• processes include; observations, forming logical hypotheses and testing them

record descriptions rather than neumerical data- describing or drawing

neumerical data and measurments

collecting and analyzing specific observations and deriving general statements from them

evolves from the hypothesis (usualy)- from the general premise of the hypothesis and logic brings us to a specific answer

_{a general hypothesis that is broad and supported by broad evidence, many hypothesis can be spun off it,}

anything that takes up space

sustance that cannot be broken down into other substences

consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio- _{characteristics different than the indivigual elements}

things that an organism needs to live healthfuly and to reproduce- oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen ect.

elements only needed in minute quantities

number of protons

protons + neutrons

approximation of the total mass in an atom

an atom with a larger neucleus because it has more neutrons

the neucleus spontaniously decays, giving off lots of particles and energy- _{leads to different number of protons, different element}