Lecture I

antimicrobial of natural origin

Antibiotics which have been chemically altered

completely man-made antimicrobial

• "breadth of activity" - how many bugs it works against
• Wide spectrum: useful against many organisms
• Narrow spectrum: useful againsg few organisms

• organisms that colonize humans.
• USUALLY don't cause disease (symbiotic)
• Prevent overgrowth of pathogens

• Staph sp
• Strept sp
• Candidia sp
• Corynebacteria

• Strept sp
• Bacteroides sp

• E. coli
• Enterococcus
• Candida

Normal flora that colonize the body and cause infection during an immunocompromised situation

• Organisms with an increased ability to cause infection
• Strep pneumoniae
• Staph aureus
• E. coli

• Microbial factors that increase likelihood of infection
• Adhesins, polysaccharide capsules, toxins, hyluronidases
• High virulence: few organisms to cause infection
• Low virulence: many organisms to cause infection

enzymes that dissolve connective tissue

prevent phagocytosis

• Antimicrob: Broader classification, includes elements, anti-virals/anti-fungals included
• Antibiotic: found in nature, same as antibacterial

• inhibit bacterial growth
• allows body's immune system to act
• Bacteria are still there, just not replicating
• Inhibition of protein synthesis
• inhibition of metabolite action/synthesis

• Results in bacterial death
• Cell wall lysis
• Altered membrane permeability

native to an organisms

• usually associated with antibiotic use
• develops after exposure