Major Bacterial Genera S3M1

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Staphylococci aureus
- Normal flora (skin)
- Salt tolerant
- Beta hemolytic
- Causes many infections
What are two tests one could use to detect Staphylococci aureus
- Coagulase (+)
- Catalase (+)
What test would be done first to determine if a Gram (+) cocci was Strepococci or Staphylococci

Catalase, (-) = Streptococci, (+) = Staphylococci
What are the two mosst important alpha hemolytic Streptococci
- Streptococci pneumonia
- Viridans Strep
What are the two most important beta hemolytic Streptococci
- S. pyogens (strep throat/impetigo)
- S. agalactiae
Group D Streptococci are best identified by using what agar

Esculin agar
Bacillus sp.
- Gram (+) rod
- Aerobic
- Anthrax causing
Clostridium sp.
- Gram (+) rod
- Spore forming
- Anaerobic
- Botulism
What are the 3 most important Aerobic non-spore forming gram (+) rod shaped bacteria
- Corynebacterium
- Listeria
- Nocardia
What are the two spore forming gram (+) rod shaped bacteria
- Bacillus
- Clostridium
What are the most important anaerobic non spore forming gram (+) rod shaped bacteria
- Lactobacillus
- Actinomyoces
What is the bacteria often found in yogurt

Lactobacillus
Actinomyces
- Gram (+)
- Rod shape
- Non spore forming
- Anaerobic
- Part of normal flora but can cause infection
Corynebacterium
- Gram (+)
- Rod shaped
- Aerobic
- Normal flora
- Can be club shaped or look like Chinese letters
What agar is used to grow Corynebacterium

Tellurite
Listeria
- Gram (+)
- Rod shape
- Aerobic
- Will grow in as low as 4 C˚
- Facultative organism
- Tumbling motility
Nocardia
- Gram (+)
- Rod shaped
- Aerobic
- Acid fast
- Opportunistic
What are the major gram (-) cocci
- Neisseria
- Acinetobacter
- Moraxella
Neisseria
- Gram (-) cocci
- Oxidase (+)
- Ferments glucose
- Best grown in chocolate agar
What two important diseases come from Neisseria
- Gonorrhea
- Meningitis
Acinetobacter
- Gram (-) cocci (classically gram (+) rod)
- Causes nosocomial infections
Moraxella
- Gram (-) cocci (classically Gram (+) rod)
- Upper respiratory flora
- Causes Otitis media
How can one determine if a condition is Meningitis or Gonorrhea
- Gonorrhea ferments glucose
- Meningitis ferments glucose and maltose
What are the two main classes of Gram (-) rods
- Enterobacteriacea
- Non-Enterobacteriacea
What are the four important lactose fermenting gram (-) rods
- Serratia
- Enterobacter
- Escherichia
- Klebsiella
Enterobacteriaceae have what characteristics
- Gram (-) rods
- Ferment glucose
- Oxidase (-)
- Normal flora of intestines
What agar would you use for Enterobacteriaceae growth

McConkey (good for both lactose fermenting [pink] and non lactose fermenting [clear])
Proteus
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-lactose fermenting
- Hydrogen Sulfide producing
- Swarming motility
- Urease (+)
- Common cause of UTI
Salmonella
- Motile
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-lactose fermenting
- Hydrogen Sulfide producing
Salmonella is grown well in what agar
- Hektoen enteric agar
- Appears black
Shigella
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-Hydrogen sulfide producing
- Non-lactose fermenting
- Non-motile
- Low infectious dose
- Dysentery
Yersinia
- Gram (-) rod
- Non lactose fermenting
- Non-Hydrogen sulfide producing
- Safety pin appearance
- Animals and rodents are important vectors
- Causes Plague
Campylobacter
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-Enterobacteriaceae
- "Gull wing" appearance
- Oxidase (+)
- Microaerophilic
- Incubate at 42 C˚
Vibrio
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-Enterobacteriaceae
- Comma shaped
- Oxidase (+)
Helicobacter
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-Enterobacteriaceae
- Urease (+)
- Microaerophilic
- Spiral shape
Pseudomonas
- Gram (-) rod
- Non-Enterobacteriaceae
- A successful opportunist
- Oxidase (+)
What agar does Pseudomonas grow best in

Cetramide agar
What are the major Gram (-) rods of the respiratory tract
- Haemophilus
- Bordetella
- Legionella
Haemophilus
- Gram (-) rod
- Respiratory tract
- Fastidious
- Requires factor X and V
What agar does Haemophilus grow best in

Chocolate agar
Bordetella
- Gram (-) rod
- Respiratory tract
- Fastidious
- Requires special media to grow
Legionella
- Gram (-) rod
- Respiratory tract
- Fastidious
- Grows best in BYCE agar
What are the Gram (-) rod Zoonses
- Pasterella
- Brucella
- Francisella
- Bartonella
Pasturella is often transferred to humans via

Dog/Cat bite
Francisella requires what to grow

Cystiene
What are the coccobaccillary bacteria mentioned so far
- Pasturella
- Francisella
- Moraxella
- Acinetobacter
What bacteria are pleomorphic
- Brucella
- Bartonella
- Mycoplasma
- Haemophilus
What are the classes that stain poorly
- Spirochetes
- Obligate intracellular
- Mycobacteria
- Mycoplasma
What are the primary characteristics of Spirochetes
- Helical shape
- Endoflagella
- Stain poorly but have gram (-) cell wall
Treponema
- Spirochete
- Has never been cultured
- Causes Syphilis and others
- Poor ability to stain
Borrelia
- Spirochete
- Stains poorly
- Anthropod borne
- Lyme disease
- (Anthropods borr into the skin)
Chlamydia
- Obligate (live in eukaryotes)
- Cannot make their own ATP
- Stain poorly
Rickettsia
- Obligate intracellular
- Arthropod borne
What bacteria infect Leukocytes
- Ehrlichia
- Anaplasma (Arthropod borne)
Coxiella
- Obligate intracellular
- Stains poorly
- Zoonoses
What are the arthropod borne organisms
- Borrelia
- Rickettsia
- Anaplasma
Mycobacteria
- Small rods that stain poorly
- Cell wall contains mycolic acid
- Acid fast stain
- Resistant to drying, chemicals, germicides
- Tuberculosis
Mycoplasma
- Stains poorly
- Lacks cell wall
- Pleomorphic
- Sensitive to environmental conditions
- Require sterols for growth
- Found in mucous membranes
What are the acid fast bacteria discussed so far
- Mycobacteria
- Nocardia
Staphylococci appear how in a microscope

Grape like clusters
Streptococci appear how in a microscope

Pairs or chains
Enterococci appear how in a microscope

Pairs or chains
What bacteria test (+) for Urease
- Proteus
- Helicobacter
What bacteria test (+) for Oxidase
- Neisseria
- Campylobacter
- Vibrio
- Pseudomonas

Author

lancesadams

101741

Card Set

Major Bacterial Genera S3M1

Description

Micro

Updated

2011-09-17T17:56:49Z

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