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chain of infection:
continuous link among the infection source, the means of transmission and the susceptible host
*infectious agent--reservoir--portal of exit from reservior--method of transmission--portal of entry to host--susceptible host--
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airborne infection isolation precautions:
precautions used with patients known/suspected to have serious illnesses--airborne droplet nuclei
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airborne transmission:
spread of infection either by ariborne droplet nuclei or by dust particles that contain microorganisms
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bloodborne pathogens (BBPs):
infectious agents carried in the blood
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common vehicle transmission:
transmission by means of contaminated items: food, water, meds, devices and equipment
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contact precautions:
used for patients known/suspected to have serious illnesses easliy transmitted by contact or contact with patient environment
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contact transmission:
transfer of microorganisms from an infected person to susceptible host by body surface-to-body surface contact or through contact with contaminated objects
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droplet nuclei:
particals smaller than 5um that remain suspended in air for long periods of time
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droplet precautions:
used for patients known/suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by large partical droplets
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droplet transmission:
spread of infection through airborne droplets
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expanded precautions (EPs):
targeted at patients known/suspected to be infected with a highly transmissible pathogen
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exposure control plan:
comprehensive document outlining all procedures and policies for preventing the spread of infection
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fomite:
contaminated object
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healthcare associated infections:
infections contracted by a patient during a hospital stay
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high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA):
type of air filter
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infection:
invasion by and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes disease
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isolation:
seperation of an infection source from susceptible hosts, thereby breaking the chain of infection
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nosocomial infection:
infection acquired during a hospital stay (same as healthcare ass. infections)
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pathogens:
a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease
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personal protective equipment (PPE):
fuild resistant gowns, masks, repirators, face shields, shoe covers and gloves
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protective equipment (PE):
isolation of immunocompromised patients to prevent exposing them to infection
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reservoir:
person carrying an infectious agent without being sick
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sepsis:
bacterial infection
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standard precautions
infection control method that uses barrier protection and work control practices to prevent direct skin contact with blood, body fluids and tissues from all persons
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vectors:
carriers of disease (ex: fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, etc.)
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BBPs:
bloodborne pathogens
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CDC:
centers for disease control and prevention
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EPs:
expanded precautions
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HEPA:
high-efficiency particulate air
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MRSA:
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
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NIOSH:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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OSHA:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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PPE:
personal protective equipment
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SARS:
severe acute respiratory syndrome
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VRE:
vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
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what is a vector?
infectious agents carried by arthropods. symbiosis
ex- ticks, fleas, flies, mosquitoes, bugs
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what is a common vehicle?
fomites (contaminated objects)
ex- food, water, pills, equipment, computer keyboard, door knobs, pens/pencils, stethoscopes, etc.
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droplet
sneezing, wheezing, coughing, spitting
travels 3ft and lands on mucous membranes. PPE. shares same airflow.
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airborne
sneezing, etc. + dust particles
travels on air currents--inhaled. PPE + expanded precaution= HEPA filter, N95 mask and negative airflow isolation room. Seperate airflow. Ex- TB
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OPIM
other potentionally infectious material
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microbiology
- 1. virology - viruses
- 2. bacteriology - bacteria
- 3. mycology - fungi
- 4. parasitology - parasites, protists
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if you're on antibiotics you should take/eat a...
probiotic
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