Assessment in Psychology

• 1-A model of how to 'do' professional psychology
• 2-Professional psychology practice in an applied Science
• 3-S-P model is application of scietifically driven aproaches to practice of psychology

Formal definition: An application of scientifically driven approaches to the practice of psychology that encourages practitioners to view & treat clients from a hypotesis testing perspective with evidence based interventions. (also known as the baltamore)

• 1-To improve psychological treatments
• 2-To demonstrate accountability for change
• 3-To enhance clinical science

Basis for explaining effectivness with cliencts, feeds back into research as evidence from practice in incoporated into future studies/treatments.

• Efficacy-treatment in a controlled setting
• Effectivness-treatment in a real world setting.

• 1-Lack of funding
• 2-Lack of agency support
• 3-Research not in the job discription
• 4-Questions whether clinical work & research are compatible (client first).
• 5-Beleif that he approach is unethical

• 1950s S-P model has its roots in Bhv therapies.
• 1-Operant Conditioning explains how some MI deveop and are maintained (reinforcers/punishment).
• 2-Respondent conditioning Classical conditioning, how a stimulus is associated with a response (phobia?)

• 1960-1970s
• 1-Social learning (Bandura) observing others & vicarious learning.
• 2-Cognitive behavioural modification (Beck) CBT is very compatible with the S-P model

• 1-Attempts to normalise (understand) bhv.
• 2-Emphasises what MAINTAINS bhv, rather than what CAUSES it, and how to MODIFY these factors.
• 3-Treatment requires analyis
• 4-Interventions have +ve & -ve side effects
• 5- Applied science approach.

• S-Stimuli (historical/contxtual/immediate)
• O-Organismic (whats happening been bhv occurs, ie tiered, hungery)
• R- Response
• C-Consequences
• K-Contingences (relationships b/w response and
• consequence, what is the functon of this consequence +ve reinforcers, -ve reinforcer)
• *OPERANT CONDITIONING is the basis of SORCK

• 1-Bhv produced by its consequences
• 2-bhvis voluntary
• 3-bhv/actions act upon environment
• 4-if change in bhv + or - ly reinforced, bhv more likely to occure again in future
• 5-If bhv punished, less likely to occur again.

• 1-Predisposing factors
• 2-Precipitating factors
• 3-Perpetuatng factors
• 4-Protective facors

• 1-Data gathering
• 2-Obtaining a baseline for ongoing evaluation
• 3-Functional conceptualisation of problem
• 4-Communication of assessment results.

• 1-Intake Interview
• 2-Self-Report measures
• 3-Self-monitoring
• 4-Observatons
• 5-Behavioural by-products
• 6-Physiological

• 1-To obtain info from client about nature of presenting problems and extent to which the problems have nterfered in their life and aused distress
• 2-To assess diagnostic status
• 3-To assess eligibility for treatment (clients commitment and therapists suitability for their problem
• 4-To determine client's goals and expectations: (
• unrealistic timeframes, beleifs about controlling others, or therpist 'curing' them)

Refers to consequences of specified bhv. Physiological measures referr t the physical changes that come about ith the specifed bhv

• 1-Interveiws
• 2-Observation skills
• 3-Objective tests
• 4-Projective tests
• 5-Brain imaging
• 6-Physiological Assessment

• 1-Take into account individual differences
• 2-Important sourse of hypotheses
• 3-Development of therapy techniques
• 4-Permis study of rare phenomena
• 5-Persuasive and motivational value
• 6-Demonstrates Changes and stabiliy of bhv.

• 1-Unable to receal subject characterists that may interact with treatment
• 2-No indication of the generalizability of results
• 3-Can be time and resourse intensive

• Distinctions among members of different categoies are qualitative. Yes or No categories, eg you have an infection or you don't, no partial possibilites.
• *About WHAT KIND not HOW MANY

Classifies in terms of continuous dimension. Focus on a particular characteristic and asks HOW MUCH if that charcteristic the object/person has (eg, intellegence)