-
Occurs when there is any type of alveolar blockage or improper ventilation of the alveoli.
Atelectasis (collapsed lung)
-
What 3 signs are the hallmarks of the severity of atelectasis?
Tachypnea, dyspnea, and mild to moderate hypoxemia
-
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by a microbial agent.
Pneumonia
-
What organism is most likely to cause pneumonia?
Streptococcus which is pneumococcus
-
Hospital aquired pneumonia is caused most frequently by which organism?
- Pseudomonas
- Occurs in those with lung cancer, leukemia, burns, debilitated patients, patients receiving antimicrobial therapy.
-
Gerontological considerations: how often should you offer pneumonia vaccine?
Every 5 years
-
An infectious disease that affects the lung parenchyma but it can also be transmitted to other parts of the body including the kidneys, bones, and lymph nodes.
Pulmonary TB
-
When does the initial infection begin after exposure to TB?
2-10 weeks
-
When is the TB test read?
48-72 hours
-
What is a significant reaction for a TB skin test?
- 5 mm or greater for a person at risk, and 10 mm or greater is significant in others.
- A chest x-ray is then performed
-
What is treatment for TB?
- Chemotherapeutic agents for 6-12 months
- INH, Rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin daily for 8 weeks
- Streptomycin-- ringing in ears
- The patient is non ifectious after 2-3 weeks of treatment
-
Inflammation of both layers of the pleura (visceral and parietal)
Pleurisy
-
Pain with respiratory movement, it usually occurs only on one side. Pain may become minimal when breath is held, or may radiate to the shoulders or abdomen.
Pleurisy
-
a larger than normal amount of fluid collects in the pleural space it is usually secondary to other diseases such as heart failure, TB, pneumonia, Pulmonary infections, PE and neoplastic (cancer) tumors
pleural effusion
-
What is the treatment for pleural effusion?
Thoracentesis
-
an accumulation of thick purulent fluid within the pleural space.
empyema
-
collection of fluid in the lung tissue and/ or alveolar space, generally caused by abnormal cardiac function.
pulmonary edema
-
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue, the alveolar space, or both. It is a severe, light threatening condition.
pulmonary edema
-
What do these s & s indicate: severe
respiratory distress and a foamy, frothy sputum which the patient coughs up or the nurse suctions.
pulmonary edema
-
Arterial PaO2 falls below 50 mm Hg and arterial PaCO2 rises to greater than 50 mm Hg. We confirm this with blood gases.
Acture respiratory failure
-
What are the four major causes of ARF?
- decreased respiratory drive caused by severe brain injury
- multiple sclerosis which causes lesions of the brain stem
- hypothyroidism
- sedatives
-
_______ is a result of a trigger such as an acute lung injury. The patient has a sudden and progressive pulmonary edema, increased bilateral infiltrates, hypoxemia not managed by O2 therapy.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
-
more common and occurs from an existing cardiac or pulmonary condition. It is defined as an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure exceeding 30 mm Hg which are measured through right sided heart catheterization.
Seconday pulmonary hypertension
-
a condition in which the right ventricle of the heart enlarges
Cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease)
-
What is the most frequent cause of Cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease)?`
Severe COPD
-
Which oxygen mask is the most reliable and accurate for delivering precise concentration?
Venturi mask
|
|