Rnur 131

• -Nutrix, nourish
• - Care of others
• - Promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care
• - Social policy statement

Science: the knowledge base for the care that is given.

Art: skilled application of that knowledge to help others reach maximum health and quality of life

The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or informity.

• - The lady with the lamp
• - Organized nursing care during Crimean War
• - Began the 1st formal school of nursing

• 1. Patient needs and role of nurse
• 2. Standards for hospital mgmt
• 3. Nursing education & continuing ed.
• 4. Respectable occupation for women
• 5. 2 components of nursing- health & illness
• 6. Nursing is separate & distinct from medicine.
• 7. Occupational & recreational therapy for ill.
• 8. Maintained accurate records--nursing research

• -Clara Barton: Red Cross
• -Dorothea Dix: Civil war crusades for mentally ill
• -Linda Richards: 1st trained nurse; Records/Orders
• -Lillian Wald: Public health nursing
• -Mary Elizabeth Mahoney: 1st Black nurse to grad

• -Harriet Tubman: Underground railroad, Union army
• -Sojourner Truth: Civil War; Women's Movement
• -Isabel Hampton Robb: American Nurses Assoc.
• -Lavinia Dock: Right to vote
• -Mary Breckenridge: 1st School of Midwifery

• 1. Well-defined body of spcific and unique knowledge
• 2. Strong service orientation
• 3. Recognition by professional group
• 4. Code of ethics
• 5. Prof'l org that sets standards
• 6. Ongoing research
• 7. Autonomy

• Vocational
• -LPN

• RN
• - Associate Degree in Nursing
• - Baccalaureate in Nursing

• Graduate Level
• - Masters: CNS, PRN, NP, sup, CRNA,
• - PhD: educator, organizational mgmt

• CNS (Clinical Nurse Specialist)
• NP (Nurse Practitioner)
• CRNA (Nurse Anesthetist)
• Midwife
• Educator
• Administrator
• Researcher
• Entrepeneur

• 1. International Nursing Organization
• 2. National Nursing Organizations
• - ANA American Nurses Organization
• - NLN National League for Nursing
• - AACN American Assoc of Colleges in Nursing
• - NSNA Nat'l Student Nurses' Association
• - specialy practice/special interest orgs

• Laws in each state that regulate practice of nursing
• - Protect public by excluding untrained people
• -Create State Board
• -Define legal scope
• -Establish criteria for licensure

• -Major guideline for nursing practice
• -Helps nurses implement their roles
• -Integrates science & art of nursing
• -Allows nurses to critically think
• -Defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing

• Trust vs. Mistrust Infancy
• Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt Toddler
• Initiative vs Guilt Preschool
• Industry vs Inferiority School-aged children
• Identity vs Role Confusion Adolescence
• Intimacy vs Isolation Young Adulthood
• Generativity vs. Stagnation Middle Adulthood
• Ego Integrity vs Despair Later Adulthood

• - Recognize unmet needs before they become healthcare needs.
• - Levels are interrelated & multiple levels may require intervention at one time.

• - any group of people who live together
• - 2 or more people related thru blood, marriage, adoption or birth
• - 2 or more people emotionally involved and living together

• - Physical
• - Economic
• - Reproductive
• - Affective and coping
• - Socialization

Specific population or group of people living in the same geographic area under similar regulations and having common values, interests and needs.

Formed by the characteristics of the people in it.

• - Social and support systems
• - Community healthcare structure
• - Economic resources
• - Environmental factors
• - Nursing in the community

• Shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide social structure for daily living.
• - Subcultures
• - Dominant & Minority Groups
• - Cultural Assimilation or Acculturation
• - Culture shock

The sense of identification with a cultural group, based on common heritage.

Share unique cultural & social beliefs, behav'l patterns, language/dialect, religion, literature, folklore, music, food, employment patterns.

Based on physical characteristics: skin, facial features, hair texture, etc.

Race and Ethnicity are NOT the same.

• 3 Basic racial groups:
• - Caucasian
• - Negroid
• - Mongolian

• - Healthcare system is a culture itself
• - Sensitivity to patient diversity
• - Nursing is the largest subculture

Acute illness: rapid onsent of symptoms and lasting a short time

• Chronic illness:
• A permanent change.
• Irreversible alterations in anatomy & physiology
• Requires special education for rehab
• Requires long period of care or support

• 1. Experiencing symptoms
• 2. Assuming the sick role
• 3. Assuming a dependent role
• 4. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

• Agent-Host-Environment
• Useful in examining causes of disease.
• All 3 interact to create risk factors.

• Health-Illness Continuum
• Constantly changing state with high wellness & death on opposite ends.

• High-level Wellness Model
• Wellness as an active state.
• Caring for the total person.
• Incorporates Being, Belonging, Becoming, Befitting

• Health Belief Model
• - Used for health teaching
• - Perception of what is true about self in relation to own health.
• - Factors impacting health beliefs include: age, race, culture, etc.

• Health Promotion Model
• Multidimensional nature of persons interacting with their environment as they pursue health.

• Risk factors for illness
• Factors in the human dimensions
• Beliefs and practice
• Basic human needs
• Self-concept

• 1. Primary: diet, excercise, immunizations
• 2. Secondary: screenings, mammograms, family counseling
• 3. Tertiary: medications, surgical treatment, rehabilitation

• Predetermined genetic base
• Environmental factors
• Psychosocial factors
• Orderly and sequential
• Continuous and complex

18.361

• 1. meaning and purpose
• 2. love and relatedness
• 3. forgiveness